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城市污水生物脱氮除磷机理研究进展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
介绍了生物脱氮、除磷的基本原理,综述了国内上关于城市污水脱氮除磷机理方面的研究现状和进展,并对今后开展这方面的研究提出展望 。 相似文献
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Nitroaromatic explosives are major pollutants produced during wars that cause serious environmental and health problems. The removal of a typical nitroaromatic explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), from aqueous solution, was conducted using a new recyclable magnetic nano-adsorbent ([email protected]2NH2). This adsorbent was prepared by grafting amino groups onto [email protected]2 particles with a well-defined core-shell structure and demonstrated monodispersity in solution. The removal performance of the nano-adsorbent towards TNT was found to be 2.57 and 4.92 times higher than that towards two analogous explosives, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), respectively, under neutral conditions. The difference in the removal performance among the three compounds was further compared in terms of the effects of different conditions (pH value, ionic strength, humic acid concentration, adsorbent modification degree and dosage, etc.) and the electrostatic potential distributions of the three compounds. The most significant elevation is owing to modification of amino on [email protected]2 which made a 20.7% increase in adsorption efficiency of TNT. The experimental data were well fit by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. The experimental results and theoretical considerations show that the interactions between [email protected]2NH2 NPs and TNT correspond to dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions should be considered in the design of an adsorbent. Furthermore, the adaptability to aqueous environment and excellent regeneration capacity of [email protected]2NH2 NPs makes these remediation materials promising for applications. 相似文献
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Michaelowa Axel Fages Emmanuel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1999,4(2):167-185
The Kyoto Protocol created the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to allow industrial countries to reach part of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction through projects in developing countries. To calculate the achieved emission reduction a reference scenario has to be developed – the baseline. Despite efforts to develop realistic baselines, a certain degree of uncertainty regarding actual reductions will be inevitable. It is therefore necessary to compare the costs (including transaction costs) of developing a baseline against the informational benefit it can be expected to produce. While project-related baselines are already being applied, the proponents of country-related baselines have still to show the applicability of their approach for the CDM. The possibility of quantifying indirect effects and considering market distortions and subsidies through aggregation in the country-related baselines is weighed up by the manipulability and uncertainty of the assumptions required in such a baseline. Thus project-specific baselines are recommended. In cases of severely distorted markets undergoing liberalization or subsidy phase-out, a country-related baseline can be helpful. Sectoral or programme baselines would be suited to large-scale energy and sequestration projects. Moreover it has to be considered whether emission reductions are generally achieved in the context of relocation or done in the context of global emitting capacity expansion. 相似文献
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生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
为遏制水体富营养化的恶化,氮,磷的排放标准日趋严格,生脱氮除磷工艺能有效地去除水体中的氮、磷。通过对现有的生物脱氮除磷传统工艺和新近发展工艺的介绍和分析,指出经济、高效、低能耗是其发展的方向,同时认为今后应加强对生物脱氮除磷机理更深入的研究,大力开发技术成熟,高效经济又符合我国国情的新工艺。 相似文献