Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.     

一种化纤废水处理的运行及分析

化纤废水含有各种难降解有机物，国内外一直未能提出一套较好的处理方法，本文介绍了一种化纤废水的研究，处理工艺及其主要设计参数以及运行管理，事实证明了这种方法是可行的，其具有处理效果稳产，产泥量少，具有一定的消泡作用等优点。     

Management of hazardous waste in Thailand: present situation and future prospects

 This paper deals with the present scenario of hazardous waste management practices in Thailand, and gives some insights into future prospects. Industrialization in Thailand has systematically increased the generation of hazardous waste. The total hazardous waste generated in 2001 was 1.65 million tons. It is estimated that over 300 million kg/year of hazardous waste is generated from nonindustrial, community sources (e.g., batteries, fluorescent lamps, cleansing chemicals, pesticides). No special facilities are available for handling these wastes. There are neither well-established systems for separation, storage, collection, and transportation, nor the effective enforcement of regulations related to hazardous wastes management generated from industrial or nonindustrial sectors. Therefore, because of a lack of treatment and disposal facilities, these wastes find their way into municipal wastewaters, public landfills, nearby dump sites, or waterways, raising serious environmental concern. Furthermore, Thailand does not have an integrated regulatory framework regarding the monitoring and management of hazardous materials and wastes. In addition to the absence of a national definition of hazardous wastes, limited funding has caused significant impediments to the effective management of hazardous waste. Thus, current waste management practices in Thailand present significant potential hazards to humans and the environment. The challenging issues of hazardous waste management in Thailand are not only related to a scarcity of financial resources (required for treatment and disposal facilities), but also to the fact that there has been no development of appropriate technology following the principles of waste minimization and sustainable development. A holistic approach to achieving effective hazardous waste management that integrates the efforts of all sectors, government, private, and community, is needed for the betterment of human health and the environment. Received: February 26, 2001 / Accepted: October 11, 2002     

秦皇岛市开发区生活污水利用可行性分析

本文通过对秦皇岛经济技术开发区居民小区生活污水进行处理并回用的可行性分析,得出城市生活污水经过适当处理后,完全可以再利用,从而达到节约水资源的目的,实现经济效益与环境效益的统一。     

排污权有偿使用与交易制度若干问题探析——以浙江省温州市为例

排污权有偿使用与交易制度是我国一项重要的环境经济政策。文章以温州市为例,从水环境管理视角出发,探讨排污权有偿使用与交易的若干问题。着重分析温州市初始排污权核定与分配的成效、存在的问题和解决途径,利用平均治理成本等方法设计排污权有偿使用价格,研究排污权交易的实现途径。在此基础上,文章提出应探索利用地方立法权制定排污权相关法律法规、完善初始排污权核定与分配方法、优化排污权竞拍机制和实施市场化激励政策等建议。     

美国市政污水处理排放标准制定对中国的启示

在概述美国市政污水处理排放标准制度体系的基础上,介绍了其制定基于技术的排放限值和基于水质的排放限值的方法,阐述了其制定的科学性,并指出了中国市政污水处理排放标准中存在的相应问题。最后,根据美国制定排放标准限值的经验,对我国污水处理排放标准进行了思考,并提出了科学制定排放标准的方法和建议。     

菌渣中阿维菌素残留检测方法及其无害化工艺研究

文章建立了简单、快速的阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量高校液相色谱检测方法以及利用水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣。采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测方法测定阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量,提取剂为乙腈/水=4/1(V/V),采用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化。加标回收率90.3%~107.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.00%~5.69%,阿维2菌素标准曲线线性相关系数R~2=0.999 6,线性范围为1.0~1 000 mg/L。利用正交实验,水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣,在190℃的温度下处理2 h后,菌渣中阿维菌素残留量由991.30降至0.84 mg/kg,去除率达99.92%。处理前后的菌渣与有机肥标准作对比,除含水率外其余检测指标均达到有机肥标准要求。该项研究为阿维菌素菌渣的资源化利用提供了理论依据。     

污水处理厂污泥细菌总数和粪大肠菌群的检测

分别采用《城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法》（CJ／T221—2005）中平皿计数法和多管发酵法检测分析呼和浩特市周边7个城镇污水处理厂、2个制药企业以及2个乳制品企业污泥中的细菌总教和粪大肠菌群茵值。结果显示：供试样品的细菌总数为1．0×10^6～1．3×10^8个／g,其中细菌含量最高的是乳制品企业l污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4污泥样品。粪大肠菌群菌值为2．0×10^5-5．4×10^8个／g,其中粪大肠茵群菌值最高的是污水处理厂2和污水处理厂5污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4和制药企业1污泥样品,乳制品企业污泥样品的粪大肠菌群茵值居中。     

餐饮废弃物的危害及环境管理对策

介绍了餐饮废弃物的特点,处理不当污染环境,探讨餐饮废弃物无害化处理方式,并提出了针对餐饮业废弃物的环境管理对策。     

水体中微囊藻毒素检测技术研究进展

概述了微囊藻毒素的结构和性质,分析了其对人类健康的危害,综述了近年来国内外水体中微囊藻毒素的检测方法,提出了今后的研究方向。