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Nanotechnology has attracted a great interest in recent years due to its expected impact on many areas such as energy, medicine, electronics, and space industries. This review provides the state-of-art knowledge on the synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and yeast, and their effect on microbiological processes. The available microbes and their predicted nanoparticle biosynthesis mechanism, the conditions to control the size/shape and monodispersity of particles, and microbiological reaction rate enhancement using nanoparticles as catalysts are presented. The current limitations and future scope for specific research are also discussed. 相似文献
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Shilpa Nitai Basak Sumer Singh Meena 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):161
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应用有效微生物群(EM)处理富营养化源水试验研究 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26
初试条件下系统地考察了有效微生物群(EM)处理南水塘藻型富营养化源水效果。结果表明:在容器中按V(EM)∶V(源水)为1∶10000的比例投加EM菌液并辅以低速间歇式曝气处理8~9d,藻类生物量得到明显控制,水样叶绿素a,TN,TP及CODCr去除率分别达90 49%,45 25%,55 48%及82 37%,出水水质接近国家地表Ⅳ类水质标准。处理过程中,水样pH与电导率有明显的变化规律,应属2个独立的因子体系;EM微生物可改变源水氮磷营养盐水平及藻类生物量与氮 磷质量分数的相关性,成为影响或抑制藻类生长的主导因子。 相似文献
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马兰黄土中与三氮有关的微生物的分布及其反硝化能力 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择关中盆地马兰黄土为研究对象,采用平板菌落计数法研究了与三氮转化有关的微生物在0~9 m剖面上的垂直分布.结果表明,剖面上氨化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、固氮菌分别为克土106~1010、101~103、103~108、103~105个.在试验区剖面7 m处的土壤中存在着反硝化菌富集区,数量达克土108个.对此层位土壤进行了反硝化能力实验,结果表明,马兰黄土反硝化作用最适宜温度为22 ℃和37 ℃,碳源的存在可大大提高反硝化速率,但改变碳氮比对反硝化速率影响不大.在15 ℃、无外界供给碳源、硝酸根初始质量浓度为56 mg/L情况下,反硝化菌对硝酸根的降解作用符合方程y=-2.682 8x 60.979,回归系数R=0.960 9.该反硝化菌富集区的存在为研究包气带中三氮转化提供了重要信息. 相似文献
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Microbial Removal of Arsenic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kauser Jahan Patricia Mosto Crystal Mattson Erin Frey Lara Derchak 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(1-2):71-82
Bangladesh is currently the subject of the world's largest mass arsenic poisoning in history. Groundwater throughout Bangladesh
and West Bengal is contaminated with naturally occurring arsenic from the alluvial and deltaic sediments that form the region's
aquifers. It has been estimated that 75 million people are at risk of developing health effects associated with the ingestion
of arsenic. This project focuses on the use of microorganisms such as bacteria and algae to remove arsenic from water. Arsenic
in the arsenite form was used in the studies. Experiments were conducted with a common alga and wastewater bacteria. A common
green algae Scenedesmus abundans was used for determining arsenic uptake in batch experiments. Results of the experiments indicated that the algae biosorption
could be modeled by the conventional Langmuir isotherm model. Algae morphology studies indicated that the algae cells were
impacted due to the presence of arsenic as evidenced by clumping or loss of cell clusters. The wastewater bacteria also were
capable of high percent of arsenic removal. Results indicate that microbial uptake of arsenic may be a viable method of pretreatment
of arsenic contaminated water. However algae and sludge disposal would pose a problem and will have to be dealt with accordingly. 相似文献
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广州白云山一峰污水处理工程采用了新型污水处理工艺-多级曝气-微生物制剂强化固定生物膜处理工艺,对该工艺的特点及设计体会进行了讨论。设计进水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP、动植物油为400~600mg/L、300~400mg/L、250~400mg/L、20~30mg/L、3~5mg/L、70~100 mg/L,出水为90mg/L、20mg/L、10mg/L、10mg/L、0.5mg/L、10 mg/L。实际运行结果表明:主要出水指标COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP、动植物油的去除率分别可达到88.1%、94.4%、97.9%、88.6%、94.6%、91.5%。该工艺具有占地少、建设成本低、结构简单、施工容易、能耗低、噪声低、运行可靠、稳定达标、剩余污泥极少、运行成本底、维护简便等优点。 相似文献
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Portillo MC Reina M Serrano L Saíz-Jiménez C González JM 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(2):165-170
The Doñana National Park contains highly complex microbial communities that play critical roles in the bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling of elements. In this study, we analyzed the formation of Fe-rich films on the surface of shallow waters at Doñana National Park as a model for future applications in bioremediation. Phytoplankton composition and abundance, physicochemical measurements, culture enrichments, and molecular detection of microorganisms were determined during this study. Natural samples were incubated in the laboratory and enrichments producing similar phenomena were obtained. Bacteria belonging to the genera Enterobacter were the major participants in surface Fe-film formation in laboratory enrichments. Film formation was dependent on wind exposure and only those sites protected from the direct influence of wind developed these films. A higher concentration of euglenophytes was found in the proximity of film-covered waters. Available iron (Fe2+) and total Fe concentrations were high (18.8 and 46.6 mg/L, respectively) underneath the surface film, and higher than in film-free waters and pore-sediment water. The concentration of phosphate and its availability were higher in the iron-rich film sediment, as 61% of total P was bound to iron oxy-hydroxides. Our results provide evidence of the link between P and Fe biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems on sandy soils at the Doñana National Park. In addition, they provide significant insights into the bioavailability of these elements with potential interest in the role of microorganisms for metal sequestration in natural environments and utilization in bioremediation processes. 相似文献