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31.
Kiyohiko Nakasaki Naoki Akakura Minoru Takemoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(1):31-37
The degradation pattern of organic materials was confirmed by continuously measuring the quantity of CO2 evolved during the composting process in both batch and fed-batch operations. It was possible to predict the degradation
pattern for organic material during a fed-batch operation from that observed during a batch operation after corrections made
on the basis of two suppositions. First, it was assumed that the degradation of dog food (which degrades easily) occurred
prior to the degradation of the bulking agent and seeding material that were contained in the raw compost mixture; second,
it was assumed that the dog food thrown into the fed-batch operation, where the microorganisms were already proliferating,
began to be actively degraded with only a short lag time.
Received: June 16, 1998 / Accepted: August 7, 1999 相似文献
32.
S.M.A.D. Zayed I.Y. Mostafa Madiha M. Parghaly H.S.H. Attaby Yousr M. Adam Pathia M. Mahdy 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):253-267
Abstract 3H‐Trifluralin was synthesized by condensation of 3H‐4‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitro‐α, α, α‐trifluorotoluene with di‐n‐propylamine. After incubation of trifluralin with Aspergillus carneus, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride for 10 days, a small percentage (less than 10%) of unchanged herbicide was recovered in the extractable fraction. This indicates a fairly rapid degradation of the herbicide by the fungal species. Other than trifluralin, the culture medium contained at least five labelled products: 2, 6‐dinitro‐N‐n‐propyl‐α, α, α‐tri‐fluoro‐p‐toluidine; 2, 6‐dinitro‐α, α, α‐trifluoro‐p‐toluidine; 2‐amino‐6‐nitro‐α, α,‐trifluoro‐p‐toluidine, 2, 6‐dinitro‐4‐trifluoromethyl phenol and a major polar product which constituted more than 50% of the total extractable transformation products. A pathway, which similates that of aerobic degradation of the herbicide in soil, is suggested for the microbiological degradation of trifluralin. 相似文献
33.
有效微生物群(EM)抑藻效应研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
通过细胞液体培养系统地考察了有效微生物群(EM)对3种常见"水华"藻类生长的抑制作用及适宜条件。实验结果表明:EM能显著抑制衣藻、四尾栅裂藻和盘星藻的生长,培养7d时,3种藻类生物量平均降低率分别达46 80%,99 07%和97 17%;培养温度、培养时间、EM投加量及培养基pH等对EM的抑藻作用均有不同程度的影响。EM发挥良好抑藻作用(绿藻)的适宜条件:培养温度为30℃,培养时间≤5d,EM投加量(V(EM)∶V(源水))为1∶1000~1∶10000,培养基pH为6 0~8 0。 相似文献
34.
Fate of pathogenic microorganisms and indicators in secondary activated sludge wastewater treatment plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was undertaken to investigate the removal of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in a laboratory scale biological treatment system that simulated the secondary treatment process of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four groups of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths as well as the selected indicators were employed in the investigation. The results demonstrated that approximately 2-3 log10 removal of the microbial indicators was achieved in the treatment process. The log removal of Clostridium perfringens spores was low due to their irreversible adsorption to sludge flocs. The laboratory treatment system demonstrated a similar removal capability for Escherichia coli and the bacterial indicators (total coliforms, enterococci and particles <2.73 microm/L). The MS-2 bacteriophage, measured as a viral indicator, showed a lower removal than poliovirus, which may be considered as a worst case scenario for virus removal. The results of using particle profiling as an indicator for protozoa and helminths appeared to be inaccurate. The removal performance for bacterial and protozoan pathogens and their indicators in a full scale WWTP and the laboratory treatment system was compared. 相似文献
35.
纤维素分解菌和EM菌协同作用在有机废弃物堆肥中的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
从堆肥、马粪、果园土、污泥等原料筛选出活性较高的纤维素分解菌,采用紫外诱变技术培育优良菌株。利用培育的纤维素分解菌、EM菌及两者的混合菌种作堆肥对比试验,通过对比堆肥过程中温度、微生物数量、出口气体浓度,证明堆料中接种微生物菌剂,可以提高有益微生物的群体数目和质量,使微生物群落之间相互协调,形成复杂而稳定的生态系统,从而增强微生物的降解活性,使堆肥温度迅速升高并维持较长的时间,提高堆肥效率。 相似文献
36.
Bekins BA Cozzarelli IM Godsy EM Warren E Essaid HI Tuccillo ME 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2001,53(3-4):387-406
A multidisciplinary study of a crude-oil contaminated aquifer shows that the distribution of microbial physiologic types is strongly controlled by the aquifer properties and crude oil location. The microbial populations of four physiologic types were analyzed together with permeability, pore-water chemistry, nonaqueous oil content, and extractable sediment iron. Microbial data from three vertical profiles through the anaerobic portion of the contaminated aquifer clearly show areas that have progressed from iron-reduction to methanogenesis. These locations contain lower numbers of iron reducers, and increased numbers of fermenters with detectable methanogens. Methanogenic conditions exist both in the area contaminated by nonaqueous oil and also below the oil where high hydrocarbon concentrations correspond to local increases in aquifer permeability. The results indicate that high contaminant flux either from local dissolution or by advective transport plays a key role in determining which areas first become methanogenic. Other factors besides flux that are important include the sediment Fe(II) content and proximity to the water table. In locations near a seasonally oscillating water table, methanogenic conditions exist only below the lowest typical water table elevation. During 20 years since the oil spill occurred, a laterally continuous methanogenic zone has developed along a narrow horizon extending from the source area to 50-60 m downgradient. A companion paper [J. Contam. Hydrol. 53, 369-386] documents how the growth of the methanogenic zone results in expansion of the aquifer volume contaminated with the highest concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. 相似文献
37.
Branimir?Jovan?i?evi?Email author Predrag?Poli? Miroslav?Vrvi? Georg?Scheeder Manfred?Teschner Hermann?Wehner 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):73-81
Investigations presented in this paper were aimed at defining the alterations of n-alkane composition in cases of oil-polluted alluvial sediments. Therefore, oil-polluted groundwater samples, taken in five
different time intervals during a period of 28 months, were investigated. Samples of alluvial sediments were taken from two
boreholes within an oil refinery at Pancevo, Yugoslavia. In both boreholes significant alterations with characteristic degradation
of "oil" n-alkanes with no odd- or even-member predominance were observed, as well as subsequent synthesis of new ones with pronounced
even-member predominance, and with maxima at C16 and C18. Since no additional contamination of boreholes was observed by analyses of steranes and triterpanes, the observed changes
can only be attributed to microbial activity. It is assumed that for the degradation of oil n-alkanes, as well as for the synthesis of "new" n-alkanes, algae such as dinoflagellates are responsible. This assumption was confirmed by identification of n-alcohols with even-member predominance (C14–C20), by identification of cholesterol, as well as of n-fatty acids with even-member predominance (C14–C18) in the extract with n-alkane even-member predominance.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
38.
Sediment biotic and abiotic attributes were determined during the PRISMA II oceanographic campaigns in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. The radiotracer orthophosphate 32 P was used under laboratory conditions to analyse the role of micro- and macrofauna in phosphorus dynamics at the water-sediment interface. Effects of infaunal suspensivores on microfungal growth were also investigated. Our findings emphasised: 1) significant differences in sediment 32 P uptake as related to the sampling area, occurrence of the pelagic frontal system, sediment grain size, microbial activity, and anoxia; 2) the crucial role played in 32 P dynamics by different tropho-functional groups r - r i.e ., infaunal filter-feeders and epifaunal detritivore characterising the benthic community of the northern Adriatic basin. The significant changes in ergosterol concentration (adopted as an index of microfungal growth) observed in sediments subjected to infaunal activity, eventually provided a comprehensive insight into macrofauna-microorganism interactions. The potential impact of macrofaunal activity in phosphorus dynamics in the Adriatic benthic system is discussed. 相似文献
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