Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods

Adaptation to climate change and mitigation of climate change are policy substitutes, as both reduce the impacts of climate change. Adaptation and mitigation should therefore be analysed together, as they indeed are, albeit in a rudimentary way, in cost-benefit analyses of emission abatement. However, adaptation and mitigation are done by different people operating at different spatial and temporal scales. This hampers analysis of the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation. An exception is facilitative adaptation (enhancing adaptive capacity), which, like mitigation, requires long-term policies at macro level. Facilitative adaptation and mitigation not only both reduce impacts, but they also compete for resources.     

浅述黄土高原地区露天煤矿废弃地的复垦种植

根据近几年对黄土高原地区安太堡露天煤矿废弃土地复垦的系统研究,事实证明新垦土地可超越原有土地生产力及经济效益开发的可行性。认为本地区露天煤矿废弃土地的复垦战略目标应是:借助开矿土地再造的机会,通过科学设计、系统规划,实行大规模地营造农林可利用状态的土地,未来开辟为适宜现代集约经营农林基地;露天煤矿的土地复垦,同时亦应受到社会各方的关注,可在超越矿区范围之外筑坝造田,建设蓄水库等各项工程造福于社会。     

On the minimum cost of an evolutionary strategy response to environment stress

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｒｉｃｈｎｅｓｓａｎｄｈｏｗｉｔｉｓｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｃｈａｎｇｅｗｉｔｈｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓａｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｖｅｌｃｏｓｔ,ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ.Ｂｒｏｗｎｅｔａｌ.(Ｂｒｏｗｎ ,1 994)ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｂｏｄｙｓｉｚｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｔｒａｄｅ ｏｆｆｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｍｏｒｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｅｎｅｒｇｙｈａ…     

Formation and harmfulness of high fluoride-bearing ground-water

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｓｏｍｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ,ｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ,ｌｉｔｈｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｏｉｌｉｎｓｏｍｅａｒｅａｓ?..     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的内涵、缺陷及对策

在环境换取经济增长向环境优化经济增长转变的新彤势下．应拓展建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测的内涵。指出目前的竣工验收监测对工业生产型建设项目的制约因素考虑不周、忽视了“三同时”的垒过程、忽视了非工业生产型建设项目和区域性开发项目、忽视了无组织排放污染源。提出要创新治理设施竣工验收监测理念、优化竣工验收监测方法、强化竣工验收生态监测技术的研究、开展区域性建设项目的验收监测。     

On integration of policies for climate and global change

Currently envisaged mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions will be insufficient to appreciably limit climate change and its impacts. Adaptation holds the promise of ameliorating the impacts on a small subset of systems being affected. There is no question that both will be needed. However, climate change is only part of a broader multi-stress setting of global through to local changes. Privileging climate related policies over other concerns leads to tragic outcomes. Climate policies need to be designed for and integrated into this broader and challenging context. This paper focuses on placing climate change within the broader context of global change and the importance of aligning climate policy objectives with the myriad other policies that still need to be implemented if our primary goal is improving human welfare rather than limiting our focus to climate change and its impacts.     

总量控制与排污权交易

深入剖析了总量控制的含义和特点,分析了我国总量控制与排污权交易的关系,通过对比美国的排污权交易政策,讨论了实施总量控制和排污权交易的步骤和意义。     

Assessment of carbon leakage in multiple carbon-sink projects: a case study in Jambi Province,Indonesia

Rehabilitation of degraded forest land through implementation of carbon-sink projects can increase terrestrial carbon (C) stock. However, carbon emissions outside the project boundary, which is commonly referred to as leakage, may reduce or negate the sequestration benefits. This study assessed leakage from carbon-sink projects that could potentially be implemented in the study area comprised of 11 sub-districts in the Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The study estimates the probability of a given land use/cover being converted into other uses/cover, by applying a logit model. The predictor variables were: proximity to the center of the land use area, distance to transportation channel (road or river), area of agricultural land, unemployment (number of job seekers), job opportunities, population density and income. Leakage was estimated by analyzing with and without carbon-sink projects scenarios. Most of the predictors were estimated as being significant in their contribution to land use cover change. The results of the analysis show that leakage in the study area can be large enough to more than offset the project’s carbon sequestration benefits during the period 2002–2012. However, leakage results are very sensitive to changes of carbon density of the land uses in the study area. By reducing C-density of lowland and hill forest by about 10% for the baseline scenario, the leakage becomes positive. Further data collection and refinement is therefore required. Nevertheless, this study has demonstrated that regional analysis is a useful approach to assess leakage.     

论川西北地区的资源开发与发展战略

川西北地区地处我国内陆,属青藏高原的一部分。大部分地区海拔在3000—4000 m,气候严寒,是藏族等少数民族聚集区。区域具有经济上东向性和社会文化传统上西向性的二元结构特点,拥有畜牧业、林业、矿产、能源、旅游等资源优势,具有巨大开发潜力,但目前经济发展水平低。今后的开发,必须正确处理好现代化与民族传统的关系,建立起有区域特色的支柱产业、辅助产业和基础产业,建设商品生产基地,理顺投资和项目建设顺序。区域开发应以东部为基地,以现有城镇为依托,逐步向面上扩展。同时,应致力于生态建设,建设长江上游自然保护区。     

污水资源化——水资源保护与开发的基本战略和对策

本文从秦皇岛市海港区污水处理厂出水水质现状出发，分析了将此出水作为港口煤炭作业用水、生活杂项用水、市政工程用水和农田灌溉用水等方面。探索了经进一步深度处理后达标使用的可能性，对其可能带来的三大效益做了简要分析，提出了污水资源化是解决秦皇岛市水资源不足与水污染问题的基本战略与对策。