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91.
Assessing national sustainable development strategies: Strengthening the links to operational policy
At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, it was agreed that all countries should develop a national sustainable develop‐ment strategy (NSDS) as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Progress has been limited. Few countries have established a formal strategy, and many of the strategies that exist have been only partially implemented. This article proposes an approach that addresses the need to improve existing strategic planning mechanisms. The approach is based on a periodic assessment of existing systems, to evaluate the extent to which they incorporate NSDS principles, and identify areas to be strengthened. The article describes an assessment methodology, presents examples of its use, and discusses ways in which current approaches to NSDS may be complemented by continual review and improvement of existing planning processes. 相似文献
92.
Rosanna L. Mattingly Edwin E. Herricks Douglas M. Johnston 《Environmental management》1993,17(6):781-795
The environmental impact of loss of natural stream and riparian habitat is of concern throughout the United States and Europe.
Environmental impacts related to such activities as channelization of and levee construction along streams and rivers are
particularly apparent in the Midwestern United States. The objective of the research presented here was to delineate the extent,
relative degree of impact, and implications for management of channelization and levee construction along watercourses located
in the state of Illinois. According to records maintained through the Illinois Streams Information System data base (Illinois
Department of Conservation), nearly 25% of surface water resources in the state have been modified directly by channelization
and/or levee construction. Reviews of agency records, elaboration of case histories, interviews with agency personnel, and
inspections of impacted sites indicated that these alterations have occurred without the benefit of effective mitigation.
Although permit records may provide suggestions for mitigation to be incorporated in the design of a particular project, permits
issued generally do not require even minimal instream habitat and bank stabilization efforts in conjunction with channel alteration.
Information derived from policy and case study analyses suggests that institutional constraints, rather than lack of particular
understanding about mitigation, provide major barriers to protecting the state's surface water resources in terms of regulatory
review, policy interpretation and implementation, and project evaluation. Recommendations for environmental management efforts
regarding these and similar channel alterations are elaborated from these findings. 相似文献
93.
超补偿理论及其在虫害控制中的意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文较为系统地阐述了作物对虫害损伤的超补偿理论,表明超补偿广泛存在于各种作物中,并对超补偿所需条件、基本原因以及与害虫控制的关系作进一步讨论。 相似文献
94.
“白色农业”与“三色农业”兴起及中国农业产业化方向 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
包建中 《中国人口.资源与环境》1999,9(3):65-69
本文从白色农业与三色农业概念入手,阐述了白色农业的创新意义,提出了我国农业产业化的战略构想。 相似文献
95.
从我国“98”南北洪水看山西防洪问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从我国“98”洪灾的惨重经济损失中认为,除了气候因素外,生态环境遭到人为破坏是致灾的主要原因。以此为鉴,结合山西实际,分析了山西防洪中存在的问题及根治洪患的举措 相似文献
96.
97.
Xing Xu Tao Zhang Shaohua Wang Zhiguang Zhou 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(5):319-331
ABSTRACTEnergy management strategy (EMS) is crucial in improving the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Existing studies on EMS mostly manage powertrain and cooling system separately which cannot get the minimum total energy consumption. This paper aims to propose a novel EMS for a new type of dual-motor planetary-coupled PHEV, which considers cooling power demand and effect of temperature on fuel economy. Temperature-modified engine model, lithium-ion battery model, two motors, and cooling system models are established. Firstly, the separated EMS (S-EMS) is designed which manages powertrain and cooling system separately. Sequentially, after the analysis of thermal characteristics of the powertrain and cooling system, the thermal-based EMS (T-EMS) is then proposed to manage two systems coordinately. In T-EMS, cooling power demand and the charging/discharging energy of motors are calculated as equivalent fuel consumption and integrated into the object function. Besides, a fuzzy controller is also established to deicide the fuel-electricity equivalent factor with consideration of the effect of temperature and state of charge on powertrain efficiency. Finally, the hardware-in-loop experiment is carried out to validate the real-time effect of EMS under the New European Driving Cycle. The result shows that cooling power demand and temperature can significantly affect the fuel economy of the vehicle. T-EMS shows better performance in fuel economy than S-EMS. The equivalent fuel consumption of the cooling system of T-EMS decreases by 27% compared with that of S-EMS. The total equivalent fuel consumption over the entire trip of PHEV using T-EMS is reduced by 9.7%. 相似文献
98.
Without any incentive to clean up a contaminated site, remediation is often delayed until the site owner is compelled to act by regulatory agencies. In such a context, the selected technology is typically the one that will reach the remediation goals as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, this criterion is often met by overly expensive technologies, resulting in high and sometimes unaffordable total remediation costs, leading to a remediation with a negative net benefit. This study examines the effects of time constraint and benefit value on the optimal remediation strategy for a diesel-contaminated site. This strategy is developed using the technico-economic model METEORS, which takes into account the technology’s effectiveness, the uncertainty of the level of contamination, and the possibility of reducing this uncertainty through either an additional characterization (before selecting and applying a technology) or the monitoring of the remediation technology (during its use). Results of simulations with both economic and temporal constraints support a proactive approach to site remediation. 相似文献
99.
Chen Guojie 《中国减灾(英文版)》2002,(3)
Bytheendofthe 2 0thcentury ,themajorityofmountainregionsinChina ,especiallythosepoverty strickenareas,hadsolvedtheproblemsoffoodandclothing .Theyarenowmarchingtowardthegoaloflivingawell offlife .Newchallengesthatthemountainregionsarefacedwithinthe 2 1stcentur… 相似文献
100.
21世纪中国西部矿产资源开发的战略思考 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
作为全国资源的富集区,西部矿业开发要在21世纪地区经济发展中作出应有的贡献,不仅需要一个长期的开发过程,而且更需要一个明智而有效的发展战略,从西部地区资源、环境、区位条件及长期实践出发,认真把握未来市场变化、积极推动精品为先发展,努力调整地区产品结构和合理组织空间生产应成为21世纪西部矿产资源开发战略的四项基本内容,上述战略的实施不仅有束于资源的保障、中央政府的认呆和资金与技术的支持,而且有赖于整个社会环保意识的加强。 相似文献