电热原子吸收悬浊液进样法测定环境样品中的锰

本文利用生物胶作为稳定剂,把难溶环境固体样品制备成悬浊液,直接进样测定煤飞灰中的锰,并且利用塞曼背景扣除法,得到了准确的结果。文章找出了日立１８０８０石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪的测定适用条件,原子化温度,生物胶最佳用量范围,比较了不同信号采集方式、不同石墨炉类型造成的差异,并分析了酸度、搅拌、粒度对测定结果的影响。     

仿酶型Fe_3O_4/焦炭非均相降解P-NP研究

采用原位氧化沉淀法制备出仿酶型Fe_3O_4/焦炭,并将其作为非均相类Fenton催化剂用于对硝基苯酚(P-NP)废水的降解;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)对样品进行表征。表征结果表明,Fe_3O_4牢固地负载在焦炭上,并有利于Fe_3O_4的分散及粒径的减小。实验结果表明,催化剂降解P-NP的最佳条件为:催化剂投加量1.2 g/L,[H2O2]=30 mmol/L,p H=3.0,温度30℃,P-NP的去除率达到99%。Fe_3O_4/焦炭结构稳定,可再生使用。     

聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂硅铁反应过程研究

以水玻璃、硫酸亚铁及氯酸钠为原料,用共聚法制备不同Si/Fe比的聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂(PSF0.5、PSF1、PSF3分别指Si/Fe摩尔比为0.5、1、3),同时监测制备过程中pH的变化,并就不同共聚反应时间的样品,分别采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)、紫外吸收(UVA)扫描法、透射电镜法(TEM)、光子相关光谱法(PCS)及红外光谱法(IR)对其反应过程的微观品质进行多方面表征.结果表明,PSF是硅铁反应的共聚物,而不是简单的原料复配.不同Si/Fe比的PSF具有不同的硅铁成键速度、成键方式及成键稳定性,低Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Fe—O—Si键络合的物种,而高Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Si—O—Si键络合的物种,Fe—O—Fe键的形成速度快并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互促进作用,而Si—O—Si键(硅酸聚合)形成速度慢并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互阻碍作用,Fe—O—Fe键的稳定性比Si—O—Fe或Si—O—Si键差.对于PSF中硅铁不同成键模式的分析为合成高性能、高稳定性的硅酸铁类混凝剂以及为优势形态控制提供了一定的理论基础.     

EDTA和铁对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻生长和竞争的影响

铁限制不但会影响浮游植物的种群密度,而且会影响浮游植物的群落结构.为了探讨有机配体和铁的作用对湖泊中浮游植物的种群竞争,采用批量培养的方法,研究了不同EDTA及Fe浓度下,太湖蓝藻铜绿微囊藻和绿藻四尾栅藻的生长和竞争.结果表明,较高浓度的EDTA（≥13 .5 μmol/L）可以抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,但不抑制四尾栅藻,因而有利于四尾栅藻占据优势;铁的浓度由3 μmol/L增大至18 μmol/L时,可缓解较高浓度EDTA（13 .5～27 μmol/L）对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用,而增大其它微量元素浓度（B、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo等）则无此作用;说明高浓度EDTA与铁的螯合作用能抑制铜绿微囊藻而不抑制四尾栅藻.高浓度EDTA对2种藻具有不同影响的原因可能是2种藻对铁的吸收机制不同.     

储氧球罐进出气阀对接法兰开裂情况监控及失效分析

通过化学成分、金相、断口及能谱分析等手段,对储氧球罐进出气阀对接法兰开裂失效的原因进行了分析.分析结果表明,法兰开裂为高锰奥氏体不锈钢材质法兰的沿晶脆性断裂,高锰奥氏体不锈钢不适合作为高颈法兰用钢.     

铁对铜绿微囊藻生长活性及产毒的影响

以MA培养基为基础,向无铁培养基中添加不同质量浓度的FeCl3,对对数生长期的铜绿微囊藻进行接种培养,比较不同Fe3+浓度下,铜绿微囊藻的生长、活性及产毒状况.结果表明,无Fe3+时,藻的生长、细胞活性和产毒受到抑制;Fe3+浓度增大时,有利于藻的生长,且当Fe3+质量浓度为0.42 mg/L时,培养42 d后细胞密度达到最大(4.5×1010个/L).过高或过低浓度的Fe3+均会抑制藻细胞活性和毒素的产生.Fe3+质量浓度为0.04 mg/L时,脱氢酶活性较好;质量浓度为0.10 mg/L时,适宜藻毒素MCLR的生成,且单位生物量藻细胞的MCLR产量可达0.32 mg.研究表明,Fe3+浓度对藻细胞完整性的影响不大,而且藻细胞的最佳生长条件并不是其最佳产毒条件.     

鼠李糖脂、Fe3+及Mg2+对蜡质芽孢杆菌DL-1降解邻二氯苯的复合影响

以蜡质芽孢杆菌DL-1降解邻二氯苯,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺对邻二氯苯生物降解效果的影响。通过响应面优化法获得最适加入量,并考察添加鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺的生物滴滤塔中邻二氯苯废气的处理效果。实验结果表明：鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺的最适加入量分别为120,4.0,2.0 mg/L;在最适加入量下培养48 h后,邻二氯苯降解菌DL-1能够保持菌体完整,培养72 h后邻二氯苯去除率可达98.3%;在鼠李糖脂、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺加入量为最适加入量、空床停留时间为60 s、进气中邻二氯苯质量浓度为1 000 mg/m³时,生物滴滤塔对邻二氯苯的去除率达到90.0%。     

Mn/GO复合催化剂催化氧化NO

针对尾气中NO浓度高且传统方法脱除NO代价高的问题,研究了锰固载氧化石墨诱导单过硫酸氢钾(PMS)催化氧化并吸收NO方法。通过浸渍法在氧化石墨上负载了Mn3O4制得Mn/GO催化剂,以此为催化剂催化PMS氧化NO。研究了p H、PMS投加量、催化剂投加量以及温度等因素对NO氧化率的影响。结果表明,该系列Mn/GO催化剂可以有效地诱导PMS氧化NO,热处理时间为7 h时催化效果最佳。同时,对Mn/GO(7 h)的FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDS以及XPS表征可知,Mn3O4是主要的锰氧化物,并成功负载在GO表面。     

Effect of Fe (III) on acid degradation of methylparathion

A study was undertaken to determine the transformation kinetic of methylparathion (O, O, -dimethyl O-4 nitrophenylphosphorotioate) in the presence of Fe(III) between pH 2 and 7. The Fe(III) was not electroactive under the conditions used in this study, and polarographic signals were exhibited by methylparathion and main degradation product only. Data suggest that hydrolysis of methylparathion in an acid medium is catalyzed by Fe(III) and the pesticide did not degrade in this medium without this cation. Methylparathion degradation was observed at all the pHs studied and was independent of the predominant chemical form of Fe(III) in the aqueous medium. The reaction was first-order with pH-dependent rate constant (k) values ranging from 3.3 × 10^{? 3} h^{? 1} to 7.0 × 10^{? 3} h^{? 1}. The k values increased as pH decreased, suggesting that Fe(III) acted as an electrophile in the reaction mechanism.     

Subcellular Mn compartation, anatomic and biochemical changes of two grape varieties in response to excess manganese

To explore the underlying mechanism for the high tolerance to excess manganese stress in the grape species (Vitis vinifera Linn), we observed the subcellular compartment of Mn element, anatomic and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars (Combier and Shuijin) under excess Mn stress in semi-controlled environmental condition. Grape species exhibited typical detoxifying or tolerant mechanism as following: first, majority of Mn element accumulated in leaf was excluded into cell wall or comparted into cell vacuole to avoid cellular Mn-toxicity; Mn and other elements were also secreted into leaf surface or deposited in vascular wall; second, only small amount of Mn was located in cellular organ, and excess Mn in chloroplast was detoxified by depositing in starch granule, which serve as a novel detoxifying strategy; additionally, the cellular Mn was further chelated by phytochelatins; third, to quench the toxic oxygen radicals, the total phenolic compounds and polyamine (putrescine and spermidine) were enhanced. Although the obvious symptom of Mn-toxicity was not detected, we observed the dessication symptom under high level of Mn treatment in the two cultivars, such as sunk stomata, thickened palisade tissue, enhanced palisade/spongy tissue ratio and abscisic acid concentration. The growth inhibition and dessication symptom in the two grape cultivars could be largely associated with osmotic stress resulted from high concentration of leaf Mn.