高浓度薛佛氏盐生产废水的资源化处理工艺研究

提出了一种薛佛氏盐生产废水处理工艺 ,其方法是 :首先用 730 1树脂—磺化煤油络合萃取回收废水中的 R盐 ,萃取后的废水再用 H2 O2 / Fe2 +催化氧化处理 ;研究了影响萃取效率的主要因素。实验表明 ,R盐回收率可达 98%以上 ;催化氧化后的废水可达标排放     

云贵高原湖泊沉积物一水界面铁、锰、硫体系的研究进展

通过对云贵高原湖泊沉积物一水界面铁、锰、硫体系的研究 ,揭示了湖泊铁、锰循环受氧化还原边界层、沉积物一水界面等多重界面的控制 ;湖水中硫酸盐的浓度制约着其扩散的物理过程 ,进而影响着硫酸盐还原作用 ;硫酸盐还原对铁、锰循环产生亚扩散层屏蔽效应 ;铁、锰循环伴随有微量金属元素的沉积后再迁移现象 ;沉积物一水界面为认识湖泊污染问题、有效地解决湖泊铁、锰的季节性污染等提供了科学依据。     

泸沽湖氧化还原边界层的季节性迁移及其对水质的影响

通过对云南泸沽湖孔隙水和沉积物垂直剖面Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ及其它氧化还原参数季节性变化规律的研究，建立了湖泊氧化还原边界层的季节性迁移模式，同时定量评估了重金属界面扩散作用对上覆湖水水质的季节性影响。结果表明，孔隙水和沉积物Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ浓度均呈明显的峰形分布，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ峰的位置和形状以及其它氧化还原参数都表现出季节性变化的特点；     

河流泥沙对污染河水中污染物的吸附特性研究

泥沙是河流水体的重要组成部分,在迁移过程中吸附一定的氮、磷进入底层或下游,从而改变水中污染物的分布。通过模拟试验,选择粒径76μm以下泥沙研究不同泥沙含量、不同污染程度等条件下,河流泥沙对污染河水中氮、磷等污染物的吸附特性。结果表明:河流泥沙对污染河水的氮、磷及高锰酸盐指数均有一定的吸附效果,特别是对氮、磷的等温吸附比较明显;与对照相比,含泥沙的试验组水体磷质量浓度最大降低值达0.53mg·L-1;水体溶解性总氮随时间延长,含量逐渐下降。污染物含量、泥沙含量、粒径等均会影响泥沙对污染物的吸附,污染物含量越高、泥沙含量越大、粒径越小吸附效果相对越好。泥沙吸附和富集污染物后沉降进入水体底层,离开水相,因而可以降低水中污染物含量,达到净化水质的作用。     

Effect of humic acids on the Fenton degradation of phenol

We show that the degradation of phenol by Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide is faster in the presence of humic acids. This is most likely due to faster reduction of Fe(III)-humate complexes by H₂O₂/HO₂^·/O₂^–· when compared with Fe(III)-H₂O complexes. The fact that humic acids, a major class of naturally occurring compounds, favour the Fenton reaction has great relevance in the field of water and soil decontamination, where organic compounds usually have a negative effect. Furthermore, it adds insight into the self-depuration processes of natural aquifers.     

Metal contamination of riverine sediments below the Avoca mines, south east Ireland

The River Avoca is severely polluted by discharges of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the abandoned sulphur and copper mines at Avoca. The riverine sediments were studied during a low flow period to establish the degree of contamination and to identify the major processes affecting sediment metal concentrations. pH plays a major role in the regulation of zinc adsorption and desorption in sediments, showing a significant correlation (p&0.001). The zinc concentration in the sediment falls below background levels after the input of AMD. However, the metal precipitated when the pH increased downstream of a fertiliser factory (pH8.0), some 7 km below the mine. In contrast Cu and Fe significantly increased (p0.001) both in the sediment (0--30 mm depth) and the surface ochre immediately below the mixing zone. Copper removal appears to be primarily by co-precipitation. Higher sediment enrichment factors for all metals were obtained in the surface sediment layer (ochre) deposited on larger stones and in floc material collected in sediment traps, compared with the subsurface sediment. Cadmium was not recorded in any of the sediment collected at the detection limit used (0.01 g g-1). Metal deposition in the sediments was found to be spacially variable, so sub-sampling is required, although replicates show little variation. Results indicate that short term variation in metal inputs is identified by sampling the surface layer only, whereas sampling of the subsurface layer (<63 m fraction) is more suitable for identifying long-term trends in sediment quality. The implication of sediment analysis in assessing environmental impact is discussed.     

水稻耐亚铁的水培鉴定指标研究

通过水培试验，研究Ｆｅ（２＋）胁迫下的水稻品种生物性状和主要生理生态特性，明确Ｆｄ（２＋）１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为鉴别水稻品种耐性差异的适宜亚铁浓度．并提出可将苗高、根系生长量、根系氧化力、干物质产量作为水稻品种耐亚铁的鉴定指标．     

有机肥与植物种类对铁肥形态转化及其有效性的影响

通过盆栽试验的方法,研究了牛粪和植物种类对石灰性土壤中铁肥形态转化及其有效性的影响。结果表明,牛粪施用改变了土壤中铁(含外源铁)的有效性及其在各形态铁间的分配。从长期的观点来看,牛粪施用能提高土壤铁的有效性,有利于土壤铁有效供给的维持。与花生相比,油莱对土壤铁具有更高的利用和活化能力,种植油菜后,土壤交换态铁被耗竭,而有效铁、氧化锰结合态铁和无定形氧化铁结合态铁的含量明显提高。有机肥的合理施用和铁效率差异性植物间的轮作或间作是增加、维系土壤铁有效性的重要农艺措施。     

Fe2+对大豆幼苗生理特性的影响

以大豆为试验材料,设置了不同的质量分数的Fe2 处理,研究Fe2 对大豆幼苗根系形态特征及其生理特性的影响。结果表明,浸种w(Fe2 )为5mg·kg-1时对大豆幼苗的发育最有利。用低w(Fe2 )(0或0.01mg·kg-1)时,根系生长受阻,氧化物酶活性随Fe2 的升高而上升,脯氨酸、丙二醛的含量变化幅度不大;w(Fe2 )过高(50~100mg·kg-1),则会引发植物体的抗逆性反应,表现为脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛等渗透调节物大量积累、过氧化物酶活性降低;当w(Fe2 )高达75mg·kg-1和100mg·kg-1时,会引起植物重金属中毒,表现为幼苗的脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性都大幅度地降低。     

磷胁迫对水稻基因型根系形态及吸收铁锰铜锌的影响

采用营养液培养方法研究了缺磷胁迫下4种水稻基因型(90-90—1、金23A、90-68-1、CDR22)的根系形态变化情况及其吸收微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的影响。结果表明，(1)磷胁迫下，每个基因型在磷胁迫下其根系形态发生了明显变化、如根长、根冠比均呈增加趋势，并且根表有红棕色铁氧化物膜包被。(2)磷胁迫下根系形态的变化影响了水稻对生长介质中铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收：正常水稻植株中铁、锰、锌的含量高于磷胁迫植株，其中磷营养状况对水稻吸收铁、锰影响最明显；而磷营养状况对水稻植株铜含量的影响与铁、锰、锌正好相反，且影响程度较小。