高浓度薛佛氏盐生产废水的资源化处理工艺研究

提出了一种薛佛氏盐生产废水处理工艺 ,其方法是 :首先用 730 1树脂—磺化煤油络合萃取回收废水中的 R盐 ,萃取后的废水再用 H2 O2 / Fe2 +催化氧化处理 ;研究了影响萃取效率的主要因素。实验表明 ,R盐回收率可达 98%以上 ;催化氧化后的废水可达标排放     

无机阴离子对Fe-TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂脱色染料的影响

考察了6种常见的无机阴离子对金属掺杂Fe-TiO2／SiO2复合光催化剂光催化降解酸性红B反应的影响，考察了导致催化剂失活的无机阴离子的最低浓度．结果发现H2PO4^-、HCO3^-具有较强的抑制作用，SO4^3-、I^-具有一定的抑制作用，而NO3^-、CI^-无明显影响实验结果证实无机离子对金属掺杂Fe-TiO2／SiO2活性的影响比TiO2／SiO2催化剂的影响明显要弱．对催化剂失活的机制也作了探讨。     

DNAPL remediation with in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate. II. Increasing removal efficiency by dissolving Mn oxide precipitates

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) schemes using MnO4- have been effective in destroying chlorinated organic solvents dissolved in ground water. Laboratory experiments and field pilot tests reveal that the precipitation of Mn oxide, one of the reaction products, causes a reduction of permeability, which can lead to flow bypassing and inefficiency of the scheme. Without a solution to this problem of plugging, it is difficult to remove DNAPL from the subsurface completely. In a companion paper, we showed with batch experiments that Mn oxide can be dissolved rapidly with certain organic acids. This study utilizes 2-D flow-tank experiments to examine the possibility of nearly complete DNAPL removal by ISCO with MnO4-, when organic acids are used to remove Mn oxide. The experiments were conducted in a small 2-D glass flow tank containing a lenticular silica-sand medium. Blue-dyed trichloroethylene (TCE) provided residual, the perched and pooled DNAPL. KMnO4 at 200 mg/l was flushed through the DNAPL horizontally. Once plugging reduced permeability and prevented further delivery of the oxidant, citric or oxalic acids were pumped into the flow tank to dissolve the Mn oxide precipitates. Organic ligands removed the Mn oxide precipitates relatively quickly, and permitted another cycle of MnO4- flooding. Cycles of MnO4-/acid flooding continued until all of the visible DNAPL was removed. The experiments were monitored with chemical analysis and visualization. A mass-balance calculation indicated that by the end of the experiments, all the DNAPL was removed. The results show also how heterogeneity adds complexity to initial redistribution of DNAPL, and to the efficiency of the chemical flooding.     

铁炭双极还原法处理1,4-二氯苯废水

使用双极还原法对1,4-二氯苯(1,4-DCB)工业废水进行处理,结果表明,阴极的1,4-DCB去除效率大于阳极的去除效率.在反应的前10min去除了50%以上的1,4-DCB,随进水浓度增大,去除效率变低.在酸性条件下,电极的去除效率明显提高,1,4-DCB去除效率可达90%以上.     

巢湖水体Pb,Cu,Fe污染的环境质量评价

对巢湖水相、沉积相和生物相中Pb, Cu, Fe的污染状况进行了分析与评价.结果表明,巢湖水体除少数样点Pb, Cu含量达Ⅲ～Ⅴ类水质标准外,其余水质较清洁;底泥Pb, Cu污染较严重,Fe均为自然背景值不存在污染.从水体生物鱼类的检测结果来看,Pb的累积倍数最大,变幅也大;Cu的累积倍数鱼类为10～40倍,而虾类达300倍以上;Fe的累积倍数较小,均在100倍之内.     

Advances in Fe(III) bioreduction and its application prospect for groundwater remediation: A review

Microbial Fe(III) reduction is closely related to the fate of pollutants. Bioavailability of crystalline Fe(III) oxide is restricted due to thermodynamics. Amorphous Fe(III) (hydro)oxides are more bioavailable. Enrichment and incubation of Fe(III) reducing bacteria are significant. Microbial Fe(III) reduction is a significant driving force for the biogeochemical cycles of C, O, P, S, N, and dominates the natural bio-purification of contaminants in groundwater (e.g., petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated ethane, and chromium). In this review, the mechanisms and environmental significance of Fe(III) (hydro)oxides bioreduction are summarized. Compared with crystalline Fe(III) (hydro)oxides, amorphous Fe(III) (hydro)oxides are more bioavailable. Ligand and electron shuttle both play an important role in microbial Fe(III) reduction. The restrictive factors of Fe(III) (hydro)oxides bioreduction should be further investigated to reveal the characteristics and mechanisms of the process. It will improve the bioavailability of crystalline Fe(III) (hydro)oxides and accelerate the anaerobic oxidation efficiency of the reduction state pollutants. Furthermore, the approach to extract, culture, and incubate the functional Fe(III) reducing bacteria from actual complicated environment, and applying it to the bioremediation of organic, ammonia, and heavy metals contaminated groundwater will become a research topic in the future. There are a broad application prospects of Fe(III) (hydro)oxides bioreduction to groundwater bioremediation, which includes the in situ injection and permeable reactive barriers and the innovative Kariz wells system. The study provides an important reference for the treatment of reduced pollutants in contaminated groundwater.     

改性PAN非织造布铁配合物可见光降解甲醛气体

使用盐酸羟胺对聚丙烯腈非织造布(nPAN)进行了化学改性,并将所得改性聚丙烯腈非织造布(AO-nPAN)与Fe(III)配位制得改性聚丙烯腈非织造布铁配合物(Fe-nPAN),分别使用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和UV-Vis吸收光谱对Fe-nPAN进行了表征,然后将其作为光催化剂应用于甲醛气体的氧化降解反应中.结果表明:提高Fe(III)初始浓度、反应温度和AO-nPAN的增重率都能够增加Fe-nPAN的Fe(III)配合量.Fe-nPAN中偕胺肟基团与Fe(III)发生了配位反应,使其在可见光区有明显的吸收带.增加Fe(III)配合量和可见光强度都能够促进甲醛的降解反应,而且与PAN纱线制备的铁配合物催化剂相比,Fe-nPAN明显具有更高的催化活性.     

低温生物除铁除锰工艺快速启动与滤速的探求

为净化低温(5~6℃)高铁高锰这种地下水质,通过水厂实地滤柱实验表明,在该种水质下,适当调整工艺运行的参数能够快速富集铁锰氧化微生物,在120d左右实现生物除铁除锰工艺的快速启动和稳定运行;滤柱启动过程中,对滤层厚度进行了优化,1500mm厚新滤料在启动过程中会导致出水锰超标,而800mm厚成熟生物滤层在6~8m/h滤速下,可完成对铁、锰的深度去除;在此条件下,进行滤速探求的实验研究,最高滤速可达到16.5m/h保证出水铁锰合格,并给出了相应的反冲参数.     

Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for phenol degradation in water

Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H₂O₂ was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H₂O₂ on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H₂O₂; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant (k) was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂ increased. Conversely, the value of k was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H₂O₂ and n/m Fe.