陆地与海洋气溶胶的相互输送及其对彼此环境的影响

陆地和海洋源产生的气溶胶通过大气的流动向对方的环境系统输送，从而改变了对方环境大气的化学组成，影响着大气污染物的化学反应过程和反应速度，其沉降过程也会对对方的生态系统产生一定的影响。；沿海的岖稠密的人口。较为发达的经济活动，较高的大气污染排放强度，使得陆海气溶胶的交换和沉降对谝我域的环境具有不可忽视的影响。     

上海地区高空气流长距离输送轨迹及其与酸雨的关系

分析了影响上海地区的高空气流输送轨迹。不同月份影响上海的高空气流来向不一。轨迹输送路径与天气系统的变化密切有关,且与上海地区出现的酸雨有关。研究表明,上海地区的酸雨,除与局地污染有关外,还与远处输送的外来污染有关。这些外来污染影响,主要来自上海西南向的北部湾和两广等地。也有部分来自东北——东方向的南朝鲜和日本西部地区。     

阿拉伯半岛沙尘时空分布特征及气象条件

通过对阿拉伯半岛地面90个气象站20年沙尘天气、AI指数及风场的时空分布特征结合气象条件分析，确定该区域沙尘天气的发生规律及传输路径.结果表明：永久多尘地区是半岛扬沙发生最频繁的区域，从2月开始扩张，并在6月达到最大.浮尘的时空分布与扬沙类似，但还存在希贾兹山脉北部和波斯湾沿岸的高值中心，3月与永久多尘地区的高值区连成一片，6~7月达到最大，然后开始收缩并分裂成几个小中心.AI指数存在一个像倒箭头的相对高值中心，其变化具有明显的单峰分布，强度和范围在6月最大.10~4月和5~9月半岛分别盛行顺时针、逆时针旋转的风向，它们将沙尘远程传输到下游地区.天气学分析表明，冷锋入侵半岛使得来自北方的冷空气快速锲入暖空气之下，是导致沙尘天气出现的主要原因；后向轨迹聚类分析显示，半岛存在3类传输路径，其重要性依次为西北方向撒哈拉沙漠的远程传输、反气旋风场将来自伊拉克或伊朗的沙尘远程传输和本地的沙尘源传输.     

几种不同浓缩技术回收水中病毒的效果

实验表明,即使病毒剂量低到一个感染性病毒也可使人感染,并可在人群间造成传播。因此,水环境的病毒污染深为人们关切。 水中的致病性病毒主要来自人和动物的排泄物及医院废水。目前已从各种水体中检测出120多种危及人类健康的肠道病毒和其它病毒。 世界卫生组织要求,用最灵敏的方法试验,在100—1000L饮用水中应不含病毒。因此,病毒的浓缩技术是监测水中病毒的前提。 现在国内外使用的浓缩技术方法很多,但都不甚理想。我们用几种不同的方法回收自来水和污水厂出水中实验性污染的病毒,以便选择具有快速、简便、适用性广泛、浓缩水样体积大和回收病毒效率高的技术。     

Impact of triazophos insecticide on paddy soil environment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｉｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｓｔａｐｌｅｄｉｅｔａｒｏｕｎｄ 3 0 %ｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｏｕｎｄ 60 %ｏｆｔｈｅＡｓｉａｎｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｉｓｃｒｏｐｉｓｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｏｒｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅｄｕｎｄｅｒｓｕｂｍｅｒｇｅｄｓｏｉｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｒｅａｓｏｎｓｏｆｂｅｔｔｅｒｙｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｔｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ(Ｒｅｉｃｈａｒｄｔ,1 997) .Ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｓｏｉｌｍ…     

论交通结构调整与交通可持续发展

从社会经济可持续发展理论出发，分析了交通发展对资源和环境的影响，阐述了交通可持续发展的内涵，针对当前交通发展所面临的问题，提出了当前要加快交通结构调整的方针，并指明了要做好的相关工作，以促进交通可持续发展。     

PROFILE: Hungry Water: Effects of Dams and Gravel Mining on River Channels

/ Rivers transport sediment from eroding uplands to depositional areas near sea level. If the continuity of sediment transport is interrupted by dams or removal of sediment from the channel by gravel mining, the flow may become sediment-starved (hungry water) and prone to erode the channel bed and banks, producing channel incision (downcutting), coarsening of bed material, and loss of spawning gravels for salmon and trout (as smaller gravels are transported without replacement from upstream). Gravel is artificially added to the River Rhine to prevent further incision and to many other rivers in attempts to restore spawning habitat. It is possible to pass incoming sediment through some small reservoirs, thereby maintaining the continuity of sediment transport through the system. Damming and mining have reduced sediment delivery from rivers to many coastal areas, leading to accelerated beach erosion. Sand and gravel are mined for construction aggregate from river channel and floodplains. In-channel mining commonly causes incision, which may propagate up- and downstream of the mine, undermining bridges, inducing channel instability, and lowering alluvial water tables. Floodplain gravel pits have the potential to become wildlife habitat upon reclamation, but may be captured by the active channel and thereby become instream pits. Management of sand and gravel in rivers must be done on a regional basis, restoring the continuity of sediment transport where possible and encouraging alternatives to river-derived aggregate sources.KEY WORDS: Dams; Aquatic habitat; Sediment transport; Erosion; Sedimentation; Gravel mining     

Development of Layered Sediment Structure and its Effects on Pore Water Transport and Hyporheic Exchange

Hyporheic exchange is known to provide an important control on nutrient and contaminant fluxes across the stream-subsurface interface. Similar processes also mediate interfacial transport in other permeable sediments. Recent research has focused on understanding the mechanics of these exchange processes and improving estimation of exchange rates in natural systems. While the structure of sediment beds obviously influences pore water flow rates and patterns, little is known about the interplay of typical sedimentary structures, hyporheic exchange, and other transport processes in fluvial/alluvial sediments. Here we discuss several processes that contribute to local-scale sediment heterogeneity and present results that illustrate the interaction of overlying flow conditions, the development of sediment structure, pore water transport, and stream-subsurface exchange. Layered structures are shown to develop at several scales within sediment beds. Surface sampling is used to analyze the development of an armor layer in a sand-and-gravel bed, while innovative synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography is used to observe patterns of grain sorting within sand bedforms. We show that layered bed structures involving coarsening of the bed surface increase interfacial solute flux but produce an effective anisotropy that favors horizontal pore water transport while limiting vertical penetration.     

地铁车站突发客流疏运能力的理论计算与分析

针对车站OB应对亚运会期间大规模突发客流疏导问题,利用理论分析的方法计算不同车站设计方案,包括车站一岛一侧站台设计和一岛站台设计及不同通道设计时的最大疏运能力。计算考虑了车站建筑结构、出入口、闸机口和边门、楼扶梯等通道的数量及通过能力、站台面的容纳能力、列车的装载量、售检票方式、行车交路组织等诸多因素。通过对影响客流疏导的主要控制因素进行能力核算,分别得到了两种站台形式设计方案时的最大疏运能力的理论值。研究结论将有利于解决该车站应对亚运会期间大规模突发客流疏导问题,同时理论分析方法可为其他类似的车站能力设计提供参考。     

医院含病毒污水的安全处理技术

针对医院在治疗病毒疾病病人如非典型肺炎病人过程中排出的传染性病毒污水,分析了污水处理中消除细菌及病毒病原的消毒方法如氯气、二氧化氯、臭氧和紫外线消毒等的特点,结合医院含病毒污水的水质组成和处理过程无病毒扩散和二次污染的要求,分别从高级氧化技术、新型生物技术及其结合提出医院病毒污水安全处理发展的方向。