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51.
介绍了三维电极法处理技术的一些特点、机制及其在水处理中的应用。在实验中以活性炭投加量、电极电压、反应时间、电解质NaCl投加量、溶液pH值和苯酚初始浓度为研究对象,分析这些因素对苯酚去除率的影响。 相似文献
52.
采用厌氧颗粒污泥处理低浓度废水来启动实验规模的沼气提升厌氧反应器,以啤酒废水为例,厌氧反应器在温度(35±1)℃和进水COD浓度在2100~2400mg/L条件下,通过提高进水量方式,来缩短水力停留时间HRT和提高有机负荷OLR.用First-order、Monod and Contois、Grau second-order和Modified Stover–Kincannon动力学模型,考察在不同的HRT和进水浓度Si条件下,出水浓度Se与前两者的关系,确定动力学参数.实验结果表明:First-order和Monod and Contois模型不适用本实验,Grau second-order和Modified Stover–Kincannon模型适用,通过后两个模型公式分别比较实验值Se与计算值Se的差别,Grau second-order模型比Modified Stover–Kincannon模型更接近实验值. 相似文献
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《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(6):796-806
Treatment of Methyl Orange (MO), an azo dye, synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation with periodic reversal of the electrodes (PREC) was examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the influence of experimental conditions for color removal (CR), energy consumption (ENC), electrode consumption (ELC) and sludge production (SP) per kg MO removed (kg(MOr)) with optimal conditions being found to be pH 7.4, solution conductivity (к) 9.4 mS cm−1, cell voltage (U) 4.4 V, current density (j) 185 mA cm−2, electrocoagulation time (T) 14 min, cycle of periodic reversal of electrodes (t) 15 s, inter-electrode distance (d) 3.5 cm and initial MO concentration of 125 mg L−1. Under these conditions, 97 ± 2% color was removed and ENC, ELC and SP were 44 ± 3 kWh kg(MOr)−1, 4.1 ± 0.2 kg(Al) kg(MOr)−1 and 17.2 ± 0.9 kg(sludge) kg(MOr)−1, respectively. With the enhanced electrochemical efficiency resulting from the periodic electrode reversal, the coefficients of increased resistance and decreased current density between the two electrodes in the PREC setup were 2.48 × 10−4 Ω cm−2 min−1 and 0.29 mA cm−2 min−1, respectively, as compared to 7.72 × 10−4 Ω cm−2 min−1 and 0.79 mA cm−2 min−1 as measured for the traditional electrocoagulation process. The rate constant of decolorization was also enhanced by 20.4% from 0.152 min−1 in the traditional electrocoagulation process to 0.183 min−1 in the PREC process. These performance characteristics indicate that the PREC approach may be more promising in terms of practical application, as a cost-effective treatment, than conventional electrocoagulation for textile dye removals. 相似文献
54.
为研究半导体金属氧化物颗粒活性炭镀层粒子电极苯酚电催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶、氧化还原与热分解方法,将TiO2、MnO2与SnO2-Sb和SnO2-Sb-Mn纳米金属氧化物镀层于AC(颗粒活性炭)表面,制备了催化型粒子电极,使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及循环伏安曲线(CV)对其物相组成、微观形貌及电催化活性进行表征与分析. 结果表明,这4类金属氧化物可以不同赋存状态存在于AC表面,粒子电极表面活性组分晶格尺寸分别为10.64、11.34、14.68及13.50 nm;催化型粒子电极电催化活性明显高于未负载AC,各粒子电极电催化活性顺序为SnO2-Sb-Mn/AC>TiO2/AC>SnO2-Sb/AC>MnO2/AC. 半导体金属氧化物镀层可提高填充床电极反应器苯酚废水的催化降解性能,废水苯酚及CODCr去除率显著提升,TiO2/AC、MnO2/AC、SnO2-Sb/AC及SnO2-Sb-Mn/AC粒子电极在电流密度为8.0 mA/cm2的条件下连续电解2.72 h,出水苯酚及CODCr去除率分别为87.1%、92.8%、90.4%、100.0%和92.5%、89.3%、88.7%、97.2%,高于AC粒子电极的84.2%和79.1%,并且可消除苯酚电催化反应中醌类物质积累. 相似文献
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56.
Cartaxo MA Ablad K Douch J Berghoute Y Hamdani M Mendonça MH Nogueira JM Pereira MI 《Chemosphere》2012,86(4):341-347
Fe-Co3O4 thin film with different amounts of Fe have been used for the electro-oxidation of phenol in alkaline medium at room temperature. The electrodes were prepared by coating stainless steel supports with successive layers of the oxides, obtained by thermal decomposition at 673 K. The electrolysis was carried out at constant potential and the phenol disappearance, during the electrolysis, was monitored by UV-Vis absorbance measurements between 250 and 500 nm. After 3 h of electrolysis, the intermediates were identified by comparing the HPLC data and UV-Vis spectra to those from pure standards. The results indicate that the same oxidation products are formed on the different prepared electrodes, namely the decomposition products of phenol such as benzoquinone, hydroquinone and cathecol in basic medium. Simulated results show clearly the decrease of the amount of phenolic species with the electrolysis time. An enhancement of the phenol removal is observed with the presence of iron in the oxide. Under the operating conditions, around 30% of the initial phenol has been removed at ca. 3 h and the complete degradation is obtained after 54 h of electrolysis, when Fe-Co3O4 thin film with 10% of Fe is used as anode. 相似文献
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59.
塞曼效应石墨管原子吸收法测定人尿痕量镉 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以磷酸二氢铵(NH4、H2PO4)作基体改良剂,用塞曼效应扣除背景直接进行石墨管原子吸收法测定尿中痕量镉,该法最低检出限为0.024μg/L,相对标准在4.5%,回收率达95-112%。. 相似文献
60.
El Bakouri H Palacios-Santander JM Cubillana-Aguilera L Ouassini A Naranjo-Rodríguez I Hidalgo-Hidalgo de Cisneros JL 《Chemosphere》2005,60(11):1565-1571
Successful applications of different analytical procedures to determine quantitatively endosulfan and its metabolites in aqueous media can be found in recent literature. Fundamentally, they have made use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), sometimes coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a new and alternative methodology to determine quantitatively endosulfan in aqueous media is reported. A C18-modified carbon-paste electrode has been used to determine voltammetrically endosulfan, despite its unfavourable electrochemical properties and behaviour. The methodology proposed is based on the decrease experienced by the peak intensity corresponding to voltammetric signals of Cu(II) when successive and constant additions of endosulfan are carried out. This decrease is directly proportional to the concentration of endosulfan what allows to perform an indirect quantification of the pesticide. The detection limit obtained is 40 ng l−1, this value being under the limits specified by European norms and EPA reports. 相似文献