上海市虹口区环境监测站质量管理的现状分析及对策探讨

通过有效运行的环境监测质量管理体系和实施监测全过程质量管理对虹口区环境监测站质量管理现状进行分析,提出了对策及建议,结果,通过建立数学分析模型对监测数据进行综合分析,实验室工作逐步做到熟练地应用测量不确定度,使环境监测站质量管理水平进一步提高,更好的为环境管理服务.     

A Framework for Designing Ecological Monitoring Programs for Protected Areas: A Case Study of the Galachos del Ebro Nature Reserve (Spain)

The assessment of management effectiveness in protected areas, i.e., the evaluation of whether management strategies are actually helping to achieve stated goals, is becoming a priority. In any such evaluation, accurate information concerning the dynamics of the managed system is required—information that is gathered through monitoring. Few protected areas, however, have well-developed monitoring plans, and reserve managers are faced with a shortage of protocols for their design. This paper proposes a methodology, applicable to a wide range of situations, for designing such plans. The process begins with the precise definition of the aims of the monitoring plan, followed by the identification of key ecological processes and management objectives for the area, and finally the selection of a reduced set of indicators. These indicators are represented at three levels of growing complexity, allowing the plan to be followed in a modular fashion and in agreement with available resources.     

环境监测中最优化抽样策略

本文分析了基本抽样程序,并用来解决环境监测的抽样优化问题。抽样过程形成马尔可夫链,通过划分接收水平和抽样区间建立抽样策略。计算每一组策略的目标函数的取值,找到备选策略中最小成本抽样策略即最优抽样策略。     

Variation and evaluation of coastal salt marshes

Ten intertidal salt marshes along the Rhode Island coast were sampled and compared in terms of the relative standing crop and height of tallSpartina alterniflora, density of shoots, seed production and size, fish populations, and the abundance of grass shrimp, fiddler crabs, insects, and birds. The marshes ranged from 0.49 to 52.61 hectares (1.2 to 130 acres) and included fringe marsh in dense urban developments as well as unspoiled waterfowl preserves in rural isolation. Large variation in most parameters made it impossible to separate the sites with statistical significance using either univariate or multivariate techniques. Moreover, there was little meaningful intercorrelation among the parameters. Although more intensive sampling might make it possible to separate individual marshes with statistical rigor, these results suggest that the necessary effort may be too great to allow comparative field sampling to play a practical part in wetlands evaluation programs. The results also indicate that there is little, if any, correlation between visual esthetic perceptions of a marsh and its ecological characteristics. This work suggests that the development of ecological rating systems will not provide a reliable tool for the management of coastal wetlands.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of Roxborough State Park, Colorado, USA: Baseline Inventory, Community Attributes, and Monitoring Plan

/ Roxborough State Park in Colorado's Front Range was established in 1975 following a history of cattle and sheep ranching by private ownership. Survey work conducted from 1979 to 1995 resulted in the documentation of 93 species of butterflies. A variety of factors are responsible for the composition of the butterfly community: (1) overgrazing and its effect on the presence or absence of specific butterfly host plants; (2) habitat differences resulting from topographical and geological features; and (3) ecological and historical biogeography. This study provides data on community sampling adequacy, along with estimates of effort needed to monitor trends in abundance by using a community self-similarity curve and power analysis. An annual monitoring plan is proposed to assess trends in community composition. The plan includes collection of presence/absence and abundance data for select butterflies based on natural history information.KEY WORDS: Butterfly communities; Grazing; Inventory; Monitoring; Natural history     

1999年辽宁省重点工业污染源监测及废水达标排放状况分析

通过对辽宁省重点污染源的监测和对污水排放情况的分析，及时掌握和了解污染源排放状况，为环境管理提供依据。     

赤潮研究现状与动向

综述了赤潮研究现状，分析了发生原因，危害，总结了防治措施，监测预报技术，展望了今后的研制动向。     

沈阳市污染源自动监控系统质量保证技术研究

阐述了沈阳市污染源自动监控系统质量保证技术的现状及开展此项研究的必要性,并在构建在线监控综合质量保证与质量控制技术平台及建立自动监控标准化管理模式两方面着重分析了此项内容的发展趋势。     

Designing monitoring arrangements for collaborative learning about adaptation pathways

Adaptation pathways approaches support long-term planning under uncertainty. The use of adaptation pathways implies a systematic monitoring effort to inform future adaptation decisions. Such monitoring should feed into a long-term collaborative learning process between multiple actors at various levels. This raises questions about who should monitor what, when and for whom. We formulate an approach that helps to address these questions, developed around the conceptual core offered by adaptive policy pathways methods and their notion of signposts and triggers. This is embedded in a wider approach that revisits the critical assumptions in underlying basic policies, looks forward to future adaptation decisions, and incorporates reciprocity in the organization of monitoring and evaluation. The usefulness and practical feasibility of the approach is studied for a case of the Delta Programme in the Netherlands, which incorporated adaptation pathways in its planning approach called adaptive delta management. The case results suggest that our approach adds value to existing monitoring practices. They further show that different types of signposts exist. Technical signposts, in particular, need to be distinguished from political ones, and require different learning processes with different types of actors.     

测量机器人在地壳形变监测中的应用

本文介绍了以全自动化全站仪（Leica TCA2003）为基础组成的新型地震形变监测系统。并分别从仪器的功能、精度以及与原有测量模式相比其效率、精度、和代替原来测量模式可行性方面作了介绍。为地震系统新仪器的引入提供一个参考。