The influence of suburban land use on habitat and biotic integrity of coastal Rhode Island streams

Watershed land use in suburban areas can affect stream biota through degradation of instream habitat, water quality, and riparian vegetation. By monitoring stream biotic communities in various geographic regions, we can better understand and conserve our watershed ecosystems. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between watershed land use and the integrity of benthic invertebrate communities in eight streams that were assessed over a 3-year period (2001-2003). Sites were selected from coastal Rhode Island watersheds along a residential land-use gradient (4-59%). Using the rapid bioassessment protocol, we collected biological, physicochemical, habitat, and nutrient data from wadeable stream reaches and compared metrics of structure and integrity. Principal component analyses showed significant negative correlation of indicators for stream physicochemical, habitat, and instream biodiversity with increasing residential land use (RLU) in the watershed. The physicochemical variables that were most responsive to percent RLU were conductivity, instream habitat, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The positive correlation of DIN with percent RLU indicated an anthropogenic source of pollution affecting the streams. The biotic composition of the streams shifted from sensitive to insensitive taxa as percent RLU increased; the most responsive biological variables were percent Ephemeroptera, percent Scrapers, percent Insects, and the Hilsenhoff biotic index. These data show the importance of land management and conservation at the watershed scale to sustaining the biotic integrity of coastal stream ecosystems.     

The potential of remote sensing for monitoring land cover changes and effects on physical geography in the area of Kayisdagi Mountain and its surroundings (Istanbul)

The effect of land cover change, from natural to anthropogenic, on physical geography conditions has been studied in Kayisdagi Mountain. Land degradation is the most important environmental issue involved in this study. Most forms of land degradation are natural processes accelerated by human activity. Land degradation is a human induced or natural process that negatively affects the ability of land to function effectively within an ecosystem. Environmental degradation from human pressure and land use has become a major problem in the study area because of high population growth, urbanization rate, and the associated rapid depletion of natural resources. When studying the cost of land degradation, it is not possible to ignore the role of urbanization. In particular, a major cause of deforestation is conversion to urban land. The paper reviews the principles of current remote sensing techniques considered particularly suitable for monitoring Kayisdagi Mountain and its surrounding land cover changes and their effects on physical geography conditions. In addition, this paper addresses the problem of how spatially explicit information about degradation processes in the study area rangelands can be derived from different time series of satellite data. The monitoring approach comprises the time period between 1990 and 2005. Satellite remote sensing techniques have proven to be cost effective in widespread land cover changes. Physical geography and particularly natural geomorphologic processes like erosion, mass movement, physical weathering, and chemical weathering features etc. have faced significant unnatural variation.     

我国例行酸雨监测网点位设置探讨

回顾了我国酸雨监测点位设置的有关规范,讨论了目前我国例行酸雨监测网络点位设置存在的问题,并对未来例行酸雨监测网络点位设置提出了建议.     

高产水稻田氮磷排放监测及特征分析

通过设立田间定位监测点,对高产水稻田的水及氮、磷的输入和排出进行了3年的定点监测,根据监测结果分析了稻田的氮、磷迁移特征和规律。结果表明,每667m^2稻田氮排出量约3000g,磷排出量约82g;随降雨及灌溉水带人的氮约1600g,磷约59g;两者相抵,表观净排出氮约为1400g,磷约23g。稻田氮、磷排出与稻田排水量及基面肥施用量有关。改进稻田氮肥施用时间和施用方法,合理管理稻田水量,减少排水,是减少高产水稻田氮、磷排放的关键技术措施。     

Describing and Mapping Human-Induced Vegetation Change in the Australian Landscape

Australian reporting requirements for native vegetation require improved spatial and temporal information on the anthropogenic effects on vegetation. This includes better linkage of information on vegetation type (e.g., native vegetation association), extent and change, vegetation condition, or modification. The Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions (VAST) framework is presented as a means for ordering vegetation by degree of anthropogenic modification as a series of condition states, from a residual or base-line condition through to total removal. The VAST framework facilitates mapping and accounting for change and trends in the status and condition of vegetation. The framework makes clear the links between land management and vegetation condition states, provides a mechanism for describing the consequences of land management practices on vegetation condition, and contributes to an understanding of resilience. VAST is a simple communication and reporting tool designed to assist in describing and accounting for anthropogenic modification of vegetation. A benchmark is identified for each vegetation association. Benchmarks are based on structure, composition, and current regenerative capacity. This article describes the application of the VAST framework as a consistent national framework to translate and compile existing mapped information on the modification of native vegetation. We discuss the correspondence between these compiled VAST datasets at national and regional scales and describe their relevance for natural resource policy and planning.     

电器实验室安全和环境监控措施探讨

电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日常运作进行安全和环境的有效监控,对于保护实验室仪器设备和生命财产安全,以及试验人员的健康,具有重要的意义。 电器实验室安全和环境问题涉及但不限于防火、防烫伤、防暴、防触电、防机械伤害、防淋水、防盗、限制区域的禁入、仪器设备的保护、试验负荷控制、环境温度、湿度、电网电压、谐波畸变、噪音、有毒有害气体、电磁渡污染等诸多方面。本文针对电器实验室存在的一些主要安全和环境问题,从经济和技术可行性方面研究有效解决方法,并提出一种利用现代科技实现远程综合监控的方案。     

电导率加和性质及其在降水监测数据处理中的应用

采用相对电导率差（CPD）法、电导率-pH不等式法对某监测站大气降水的实测电导率和pH值等数据进行质量分析。根据分析结果认为可用CPD法来检验、评估降水中各种离子成分的分析是否完整、准确,用电导率-pH不等式法来检验电导率和pH值的测定值是否存在明显的误差。     

环境卫星CCD影像在太湖沉水植物监测中的应用

利用环境一号卫星 CCD影像,综合现场巡视情况,对2014年1—5月太湖梅梁湖水域的沉水植被区域进行分析与研究,分别取沉水植物、水华、地表植被与水体4个样本区域,对它们的光谱反射率曲线进行分析,得到沉水植物光谱反射率曲线相比其他样本区域独特的结论。并根据此特征,结合基于提取样本运行决策树的方法,以2014年5月1日为例,提取出了太湖梅梁湖水域沉水植物的分布区域与面积。     

固定源测试体系的中美比较与借鉴

对中美两国固定源测试技术体系进行总结并按照辅助类参数、烟气类污染物、烟尘类污染物、有机类污染物、元素及卤化物、在线监测规范进行分类并比较,指出两国测试体系的异同。结合目前形势指出中国烟尘、烟气及VOCs类污染物监测体系面临问题并提出建议。     

大气污染物排放监测中最低等效排气筒计算规律研究

通过实例分析了在排气筒组中,以不同的排气筒高度作为起点依次等效,不会影响等效排气筒污染物排放速率和等效排气筒位置的计算结果,但会对等效排气筒高度的计算产生影响。研究表明,在排气筒组中,将排气筒从高到低排列进行等效,计算出的等效排气筒高度最低,相应执行标准最严。