全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1266篇 |
免费 | 155篇 |
国内免费 | 646篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 46篇 |
废物处理 | 105篇 |
环保管理 | 109篇 |
综合类 | 1057篇 |
基础理论 | 289篇 |
污染及防治 | 333篇 |
评价与监测 | 85篇 |
社会与环境 | 31篇 |
灾害及防治 | 12篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 64篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 61篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 69篇 |
2016年 | 79篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 103篇 |
2012年 | 86篇 |
2011年 | 138篇 |
2010年 | 105篇 |
2009年 | 110篇 |
2008年 | 102篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 82篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 56篇 |
2002年 | 53篇 |
2001年 | 82篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2067条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
R. Skinner P. Ineson W. K. Hicks H. E. Jones D. Sleep I. D. Leith L. J. Sheppard 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):219-228
A field ammonia (NH3) release experiment and open top chambers containing moorland monoliths continuously fumigated with NH3 or sprayed with NH4Cl were used to assess the potential for using 15N values in determining the area of influence around a point NH3 emission source. 15N values are being increasingly used as environmental tracers and we tested the hypothesis that the 15N signal from an NH3 emission source is observable in nearby vegetation. Using modified monitoring devices, atmospheric NH3 concentrations were found to decrease with distance from source, with 15N values also reflecting this trend, producing a signal shift with changing concentration. Open top chamber studies of 15N values of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull indicated a correlation with deposition treatments in current year shoots. Analysis of Calluna shoots from the NH3 release showed a similar trend of 15N enrichment. Significant linear correlations between 15N and percent N in plant material were found, both in the controlled conditions of the open top chambers and at the NH3 release site, illustrating the possible use of this technique in N deposition biomonitoring. 相似文献
992.
The Swedish nationwide surveys of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in 1968/70 – 1995 using bryophytes (carpet-forming mosses) as monitors are reviewed. Considered are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). The close agreement between data obtained with deposition (precipitation) collectors and moss carpet analysis is documented briefly, as well as measures of quality control and assessment of reproducibility. Since 1968/70, the deposition rate of the heavy metals considered has declined gradually and evenly, particularly in the southern parts of the country, reflecting an improvement of general air quality due to decreasing dust emission from mainly industry and fossil fuel combustion in northern and western Europe. By far the greatest absolute decrease in deposition rate was measured in Fe, which is a main constituent of most man-generated dust particles. However, the greatest per cent decreases in deposition rates were measured for Pb. The Pb concentration of moss carpets in Sweden as a whole in 1995 was only 11% of the value in 1968/70. Corresponding figures for Fe was 20%, Cd 24%, Ni 28%, Hg 31%, V 43%, Zn 51%, and Cu 52%. For Zn the current deposition rate seems to approach a natural baseline, whereas deposition of the other seven elements are still decreasing according to the surveys of 1990 and 1995. 相似文献
993.
Burkhardt Jürgen Koch Kerstin Kaiser Hartmut 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):313-321
A large fraction of deposited aerosol particles on leafsurfaces represents hygroscopic material in a high humidity environment, likely to become deliquescent within the water vapour transpired by the leaf. Microscopic observations on leaf surfaces of beech, kohlrabi and elder leaves grown in a particle-free environment and/or treated with defined particle load are presented. Spreading of deliquescent particles, formation of salt crusts, and encoating of and by waxes was observed. Deliquescence of NaNO3 particles (deliquescence point 74% RH at 25 °C) was observed on and near the stomata at 35% relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding air, illustrating the influence of the boundary layer. Aerosols are difficult to identify on leaf surfaces, as similar patterns may be produced by deliquescent particles and processes like salt creep. These problems are especially important on leaves from the natural environment if only scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used. These patterns could appear similar to the fused waxes described in forest decline research. Strong gradients are formed between deliquescent particles and the apoplastic solution within the leaf, promoting cuticular and stomatal uptake. 相似文献
994.
Fowler D. Sutton M. A. Flechard C. Cape J. N. Storeton-West R. Coyle M. Smith R. I. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):39-48
Two years of continuous measurements of SO2deposition fluxes to moorland vegetation are reported. The mean flux of 2.8 ng SO2 m-2 s-1 is regulated predominantly by surface resistance (r
c) which, even for wet surfaces, was seldom smaller than 100 s m-1. The control of surface resistance is shown to be regulated by the ratio of NH3SO2 concentrations with an excess of NH3 generating the small surface resistances for SO2. A dynamic surface chemistry model is used to simulate the effects of NH3 on SO2 deposition flux and is able to capture responses to short-term changes in ambient concentrations of SO2, NH3 and meteorological conditions. The coupling between surface resistance and NH3/SO2 concentration ratios shows that the deposition velocity for SO2 is regulated by the regional pollution climate. Recent long-term SO2 flux measurements in a transect over Europe demonstrate the close link between NH3/SO2 concentrations and rc (SO2). The deposition velocity for SO2 is predicted to have increased with time since the 1970s and imply a 40% increase in v
d at a site at which the annual mean ambient SO2 concentrations declined from 47 to 3 g m-3 between 1973 and 1998. 相似文献
995.
In order to study the effect of thevegetation structure on atmospheric ammonia(NH3) dispersion and deposition, anexperiment was set up near Paris, in July 1997.Between 12 and 162 m downwind of a 200 m line-source releasing 600 to 1200 g NH3hr-1placed at the top of a maize canopy, NH3concentration was measured, within and above thecanopy, with a set of 30 active, acid-coateddenuders over periods of 2 to 3 hr. Eight datasets were collected over a one-month period.NH3 concentration decreased sharply withdistance to the source, from up to800 g NH3 m-3 at 12 m, to lessthan 10 g NH3 m-3 at 162 m andshowed strong vertical gradients. Within thecanopy, the concentration scaled using thefriction velocity, the canopy height, and thesource strength, exhibited a universal power lawrelationship as a function of the normaliseddownwind distance from the source. A mass balancemethod and a resistance model approach were usedas independent estimates of the cumulateddeposition at 162 m downwind from the source,which range between 1 and 29% of the emittedNH3. Both methods agreed approximately inmagnitude. A sensitivity analysis showed that thecuticular uptake and the compensation point aremajor parameters that needs to be bettercharacterised under high NH3 concentrationif one wants to improve NH3 short-rangedeposition modelling. 相似文献
996.
997.
Griebler Christian Sonntag Bettina Mindl Birgit Posch Thomas Klammer Susanne Psenner Roland 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(4):33-62
Since nearly one hundred years Traunsee experiences the import of tons of liquid and solid waste originating from salt and soda production. Today, the lake exhibits chloride concentrations of up to 170 mg L-1 and 19% of the lake floor are directly or indirectly influenced by industrial deposits (ID). Based on the comparison of several microbial parameters in unaffected, directly affected and intermediate lake bottom sediments, the ecological integrity of the lake was evaluated. The highly alkaline ID, which were exclusively colonized by microorganisms, harbored a bacterial community reduced by a factor of 10 in abundance and biomass compared to undisturbed sediment areas within the lake. The bacterial community of ID was furthermore characterized by a reduced content of actively respiring cells (INT-formazan reduction), a lower frequency of dividing cells (FDC) and a significantly reduced cell and biomass production. A 80 to 90% reduction in carbon recycling is estimated for the area exclusively covered by ID. Protists, although occasionally absent from the industrial sediments, were in general found to be less sensitive to the contaminant stress. Differences in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of sediment porewaters as well as the total organic content and C/N ratios of sediments partly explain the microbial pattern observed at the various sampling sites. Possible consequences of the continuous industrial tailings for the whole lake ecosystem and the validation of the ecological integrity are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus - The mountain ecosystems of the Hindu Kush Himalayas are generally considered to be pristine despite little available data to confirm it. Is there any... 相似文献
999.
Gareth K. Phoenix Jonathan R. Leake David J. Read J. Philip Grime John A. Lee 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):159-167
Semi-natural calcareous and acidic grasslands are known to be sensitive to increased atmospheric N deposition. However, the fate of pollutant N within these systems is unknown. This paper reports on the first studies to determine the fate of added N within a calcareous and an acidic grassland subject to long-term simulated enhanced N deposition. Intact soil/turf cores were removed from field plots treated for six years with enhanced N deposition (ambient +0, +35 and +140 kg N ha–1 year–1). Cores were inserted into lysimeters and output fluxes of N were monitored in detail. Complete N budgets—calculated from the N flux data—showed considerable accumulation of N within the treated grasslands, up to 76% and 38% of pollutant N in the calcareous and acidic grasslands respectively. In the second study, the short-term (21 day) fate of pollutant N was determined by tracing 15N labelled ammonium nitrate (+35 kg N ha–1 year–1) though the acidic and calcareous lysimeters into plant, soil and leachate pools. Up to 91% and 59% of 15N was recovered in soils and vegetation of the calcareous and acidic grasslands respectively, with negligible amounts recovered in soil extractable ammonium and nitrate (<0.3%) and in leachate (<0.02%). This rapid short-term immobilisation of pollutant N supports the long-term accumulation of the element calculated from the N flux study. 相似文献
1000.
The Influence of Atmospheric N Deposition on Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide Fluxes and Soil Ammonium and Nitrate Concentrations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
U. Skiba C. Pitcairn L. Sheppard V. Kennedy D. Fowler 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):37-43
The deposition of atmospheric N to soils provides sources of available N to the nitrifying and denitrifying microbial community and subsequently influences the rate of NO and N2O emissions from soil. We have investigated the influence of three different sources of enhanced N deposition on NO and N2O emissions 1) elevated NH3 deposition to woodlands downwind of poultry and pig farms, 2) increased wet cloud and occult N deposition to upland forest and moorland and 3) enhanced N deposition to trees as NO
3
–
and NH
4
+
aerosol. Flux measurements of NO and N2O were made using static chambers in the field or intact and repacked soil cores in the laboratory and determination of N2O by gas chromatography and of NO by chemiluminescence analysis. Rates of N deposition to our study sites were derived from modelled estimates of N deposition, NH3 concentrations measured by passive diffusion and inference from measurements of the 210Pb inventory of soils under tree canopies compared with open grassland. NO and N2O emissions and KCl-extractable soil NH
4
+
and NO
3
–
concentrations all increased with increasing N deposition rate. The extent of increase did not appear to be influenced by the chemical form of the N deposited. Systems dominated by dry-deposited NH3 downwind of intensive livestock farms or wet-deposited NH
4
+
and NO
3
–
in the upland regions of Britain resulted in approximately the same linear response. Emissions of NO and N2O from these soils increased with both N deposition and KCl extractable NH
4
+
, but the relationship between NH
4
+
and N deposition (ln NH
4
+
= 0.62 ln Ndeposition + 0.21, r
2 = 0.33, n = 43) was more robust than the relationship between N deposition and soil NO and N2O fluxes. 相似文献