MSBR法处理焦化废水

焦化废水成分复杂,是一种较难处理的工业废水.试验采用MSBR法对其进行处理,考察了5组水力停留时问(66h,39h,28 h,20 h,17 h)下不同反应阶段(厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池、SBR出水)对水样的处理效果.结果显示,HRT总为66h条件下.CODCr去除率为82%,效果相对最好,并且每组HRT下焦化废水中的CODCr均是在 MSBR系统前置的厌/缺氧池(A2)已得到大幅度去除.但硝化作用受到抑制,NH3-N的去除效果并不明显.     

5—(4—磺酸基苯偶氮)8—(2,4—二硝基苯氨基)喹啉测定食品中铜的研究应用

在弱碱性介质中 ,5— (4—磺酸基苯偶氮 ) 8— (2 ,4—二硝基苯氨基 )喹啉 (SPDNPAQ)与铜反应生成 2∶ 1紫红色络合物 ,体系 λmax=56 0 nm,ε=1.2 3× 10 5L· mol-1· cm-1。铜含量在 0～ 0 .4 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于一些生物样品和水样中铜的测定。     

乌鲁木齐市米东区恶臭气体NH3和H2S污染特征分析

为了了解和评价乌鲁木齐市米东区恶臭气体污染现状,2007年冬季对该地区NH3和H2S网格布点采样,用气相色谱法分析,并运用GIS等工具对NH3和H2S污染物来源及其影响因素进行综合分析评价。结果表明,该地区NH3和H2S污染严重,其浓度分别为其他地区的5倍和1．6倍,且污染物扩散能力较弱。     

Relationships between anaerobic consortia and removal efficiencies in an UASB reactor degrading 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP)

To gain more insight into the interactions between anaerobic bacteria and reactor performances (chemical oxygen demand-COD, 2,4 dichlorophenol-2,4 DCP removals, volatile fatty acid-VFA, and methane gas productions) and how they depended on operational conditions the microbial variations in the anaerobic granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating 2,4 DCP was studied. The study was composed of two parts. In the first part, the numbers of methanogens and acedogens in the anaerobic granular sludge were counted at different COD removal efficiencies. The relationships between the numbers of methanogens, the methane gas production and VFA production were investigated. The COD removal efficiencies increased to 74% from 30% while the number of total acedogens decreased to 10 from 30 cfu ml(-1). The number of total methanogens and acedogens varied between 11 x 10(3) and 10 x 10(9)MPN g(-1) and 10 and 30 cfu ml(-1) as the 2,4 DCP removal efficiencies were obtained between 60% and 99%, respectively. It was seen that, as the number of total acedogens decreased, the COD removal efficiencies increased. However, the number of total methanogens increased as the COD removal efficiencies increased. Correlations between the bacterial number and with the removal efficiencies obtained in different operational conditions were investigated. From the results presented in this paper a high correlation between the number of bacteria, COD removals, methane gas percentage, 2,4 DCP removals and VFA was observed. In the second part, methanogen bacteria in the anaerobic granular sludge were identified. Microbial observations and biochemical tests were applied to identify the anaerobic microorganisms from the anaerobic granular sludge. In the reactor treating 2,4 DCP, Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanococcus voltae, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanogenium bourgense and Methanospirillum hungatei were identified.     

Influence of Na2S on the degradation kinetics of CCl4 in the presence of very pure iron

This paper presents the results of kinetic studies to investigate the effect of FeS film formation on the degradation rate of CCl(4) by 99.99% pure metallic iron. The film was formed by submersing metallic iron grains in an oxygen free HCO(3)(-)/CO(3)(2-) electrolyte solution. When the grains had reached a quasi steady-state value of the corrosion potential, Na(2)S((aq)) was injected. Upon injection, a microm thick poorly crystalline FeS film formed immediately on the iron surface. Over time, the iron became strongly corroded and both the FeS film and the metallic iron grains began to crack leading to exposure of bare metallic iron to the solution. The effect of the surface film on the degradation rate of CCl(4) was investigated following four periods of aging, 1, 10, 30, and 60 days. Relative to the controls, the 1-day sulfide-aged iron showed a substantial decrease in rate of degradation of CCl(4.) However, over time, the rate of degradation increased and surpassed the degradation rate obtained in the controls. It has been proposed that CCl(4) is reduced to HCCl(3) by metallic iron by electron transfer. The FeS film is substantially less conducting than the bulk iron metal or non-stoichiometric magnetite and from the results of this study, greatly decreases the rate of CCl(4) degradation relative to iron that has not been exposed to Na(2)S. However, continued aging of the FeS film results in breakdown and stress-induced cracking of the film, followed by dissolution and cracking of the iron itself. The cracking of the bulk iron is believed to be a consequence of hydrogen embrittlement, which is promoted by sulfide. The increase in CCl(4) degradation rate, as the FeS films age, suggests that the process of hydrogen cracking increases the surface area available for charge transfer.     

Co3O4/介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化的研究

分别以介孔分子筛MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化钴/介孔分子筛催化剂,利用N₂吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Co₃O₄的负载量及载体的孔结构对催化剂完全催化氧化苯的性能的影响。结果表明,Co₃O₄的负载量为20%时,催化剂的催化活性最好;载体的孔径和催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素,催化剂活性顺序为Co₃O₄ /SBA-15> Co₃O₄ /MCM41> Co₃O₄ /MCM-48。     

碳包覆Pd/Al2O3催化剂催化4-溴苯酚加氢脱溴的活性和稳定性调控研究

在污染物液相催化加氢脱卤过程中,提高催化剂的稳定性至关重要.以水热合成法制备了不同碳包覆量的Pd/Al₂O₃@C催化剂,对催化剂进行了系列表征,并将催化剂应用于4-溴苯酚(4-BP)污染物的催化加氢脱溴反应.表征结果显示碳层提高了Pd/Al₂O₃的表面疏水性,有利于4-BP在催化剂上的吸附.并且在Pd/Al₂O₃@C催化剂的碳化过程中,碳还原部分Pd颗粒,并保留部分正价态Pd活性位,增强了4-BP中C-Br键的活化.与Pd/Al₂O₃相比,碳涂层提高了催化剂的催化活性.但当碳包覆量超过最佳包覆量后,暴露的Pd粒子随碳包覆量的增加而减少,导致活性下降.此外,碳层修饰后,催化剂的稳定性显著提高,从而大大抑制了Pd粒子的团聚和损耗.Pd/Al₂O₃@C表面的碳涂层对卤素具有较高的耐受性,从而减轻了液相催化加氢脱卤反应中活性中心的中毒.     

富氧空位/梯次结构CeO2的制备及光催化CO2还原

采用Ce-BTC(均苯三甲酸)为模板,通过尿素溶液浸渍合成了具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射(DRS)等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,与金属有机框架(MOFs)浸渍尿素高温煅烧可以获得金属氧化物/g-C₃N₄复合材料不同,Ce-BTC/尿素体系煅烧后产品中未检测到g-C₃N₄,这可能与CeO₂的存在抑制了尿素分解产物的热缩聚过程,影响了g-C₃N₄的生成有关,但尿素的引入改变了Ce-BTC煅烧产物CeO₂的氧空位浓度,且获得梯次结构.将具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂-5用于光催化CO₂还原,催化结果表明:反应4h的CO产率可达2.06μmol/g,CH₄产率可达1.42μmol/g,性能是Ce-BTC未...     

气质联用法测固定污染源中三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、六氟乙烷和六氟化硫

建立了固定污染源排气中三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、六氟乙烷和六氟化硫的采样和气质联用分析方法,检出限分别为0.06、0.15、0.21、0.71 mg/m3,精密度在3.2%以下,相关系数大于0.999 6,并对浙江省内2家典型企业排放的温室气体进行了监测,实际样品监测结果表明,该方法能够满足废气中4种温室气体的监测要求。     

g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

通过水热合成法和液相沉积法制备g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸脱附、紫外-可见漫反射等技术对其进行表征。研究了可见光下g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的影响因素,并对其光催化反应机理进行初步探讨。实验结果表明:g-C_3N_4掺杂量为60%(w)时g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6的光催化活性最高;在60%g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6的投加量为1.00 g/L、初始Rh B质量浓度为2.50 mg/L、可见光照射150 min的条件下,Rh B的降解率达到97.90%;在g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6光催化降解体系中,h~+和·O_2~-是主要活性物种。