俄罗斯的天然气输送与环境保护

俄罗斯年产天然气５０００×１０８ｍ３，年输天然气２４００×１０８ｍ３，输气干线多采用多管线并列埋设方式。大量的长输管道、加压站和地下储气库的设计和施工都必须解决相应的环境保护问题。在河床处多采用埋管的办法；在沙漠地带要尽可能避开流沙地区；在永冻地区应注意输气管道的加热效应；过铁路的交叉口应设计自动监测系统；在确定管道线路时，必须注意生态保护；用植树绿化等方法尽量减轻加压站内燃气轮机发出的噪音危害；地下储气库的环境保护重点是回注水的处理。最后阐述了管道等输气工程的工作程序及所使用的法规和标准等。     

自然灾害的自相似性质

本文分析了多种自然灾害的致灾因子和致灾损失的频次—大小关系，结果表明，普遍服从幂指数分布律，表明存在自相似性和可用分数维度量。地震和洪水等突发性灾害及其造成的损失自相似最明显，分数维可在２～３个量级区间成立。不同文种、致灾因子和致灾损失的分数维值似与成灾机理、影响因子的复杂程度有关．     

地理信息与减灾工作

对自然灾害的深入认识是进行减灾工作的思想基础，这种认识必须依靠专题地理信息的分析结果。灾害往往伴随在人类与自然系统的交互作用中。利用ＧＩＳ能帮助人们更好地实现对环境数据的分析与综合能力，并提供制定减灾工作所需的决策依据。     

黄河中游致洪暴雨的特征分析

本文通过对黄河中游地区解放以来所发生的几个降水强度大、范围广、洪涝灾害严重的典型暴雨个例分析，揭示该地区发生暴雨的一般气候特征。同时，结合暴雨发生前后的环流背景、影响系统和本区的地形条件，对暴雨成因进行了探讨和分析。     

试论突发性自然灾害灾害损失评估的特点与原则

本文在分析突发性自然灾害特征与灾害损失评估特点的基础上，提出了突发性自然灾害灾害损失评估的原则。这些原则的提出，为灾害损失评估理论和方法研究奠定基础。     

遥感与地理信息系统一体化技术在重大自然灾害监测与评估中的应用

本文结合国家“八五”科技攻关的实例，阐述了遥感和地理信息系统技术在重大突发性自然灾害监测与评估中的作用和良好效益，并提出今后着重的三个方面：建立国家自然灾害监测与评估中心；解决关键性的技术问题，牢固用户观点。     

Use of a generalized linear model to evaluate range forage production estimates

Interdisciplinary teams have been used in federal land planning and in the private sector to reach consensus on the environmental impact of management. When a large data base is constructed, verifiability of the accuracy of the coded estimates and the underlying assumptions becomes a problem. A mechanism is provided by the use of a linear statistical model to evaluate production coefficients in terms of errors in coding and underlying assumptions. The technique can be used to evaluate other intuitive models depicting natural resource production in relation to prescribed variables, such as site factors or secondary succession.     

Culture and the environment in Italy

This essay evaluates the historical development and current background of human-environment relationships in Italy. The Italian landscape consists of very varied terrain, and periodically suffers from all kinds of natural hazard, especially earthquakes, landslides, floods, and accelerated soil erosion. Some measure of environmental conservation was achieved by the Etruscans and Romans, but the Classical period also marked the beginning of serious lowland waterlogging, malarial infestation, upland soil erosion, and deforestation, which all increased during the Middle Ages. From the Renaissance to the 18th century, there was a diffusion of planned landscapes and carefully managed estates; but by the 20th century, many rural areas could not support growing populations and much land was in need of improvement. Underdevelopment and latifundium agriculture increased the vulnerability to environmental hazards of the Mezzogiorno (Italian South), while the subsequent disappearance of the peasant culture seems not to have led to greatly improved conservation or land management. Poorly farmed or managed landscapes and poorly maintained historic towns have undergone some virtually irreversible degradation, especially with respect to landslides and earthquake damage. Elsewhere in Italy, unchecked urbanization, weak planning laws, and their inadequate enforcement have helped both to reduce environmental quality, by overdevelopment of valued landscapes, and to increase natural disaster vulnerability, by encouraging occupance of natural hazard zones. Although there are signs that the government is beginning to respond to the cumulative effect of environmental degradation, the measures are insufficient to reverse the overall trend toward decadence that characterizes human-land relationships in Italy.     

用热释光剂量计对哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查

用国产ETLD-80型热释光环境剂量计调查了哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平.结果表明,哈密地区室外、室内宇宙射线电离辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(3.7±0.3 )、(3.3±0.3)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为3.2和2.8×10~(-8)Gy/h.地球γ辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(5.8±0.9)、(7.7±1.2)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为5.0和6.6×10~(-8)Gy/h.天然贯穿辐射所致居民有效剂量当量为71.7μSv/a(宇宙辐射298μSv/a,地球γ辐射419μSv/a).     

新疆和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素含量水平的调查研究

和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素铀－２３８、钍－２３２、镭－２２６和钾－４０按面积加权的均值（Ｂｑ·ｋｇ－１）依次是３７．５２±８．７３、４０．１５±５．３０、３０．０１±４．６０和５３１．１４±４０．７７，属正常本底辐射水平．铀镭平衡状况富铀。