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41.
42.
针对零星居民点的污水处理,开发了射流曝气周期活性污泥法工艺.它是一种连续进水、周期性间歇曝气的改良型SBR工艺,也是一种时间程序和空间程序相结合的污水处理工艺,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果.试验表明,在水力负荷4 m3/d,曝气周期为每2 h曝气15 min、静置105 min的条件下,出水COD为48.8~53.5 mg/L,去除率达79.4%~80.5%;出水TN为2.81~3.98 mg/L,去除率达82.4%~89.4%;出水NH3-N为0.36~0.78 mg/L,去除率高达96.4%~98.4%;出水TP为0.63~1.18 mg/L,去除率为67.2%~78.9%,均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级B排放标准. 相似文献
43.
水力停留时间对膜生物反应器复合工艺污水处理特性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
开发了厌氧-多级好氧/缺氧-膜生物反应器复合工艺,在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下,考察了系统对污染物去除效果及其膜污染的特性.结果表明,在试验选定的HRT范围内,系统对TN和TP的去除率随着HRT的降低而升高,当HRT为8.70、6.96、4.97 h时,系统对TN和TP的平均去除率分别为73.15%、79.76%、81.98%和67.79%、80.99%、92.16%.但是,较低HRT条件下膜通量较高,会加剧膜污染进程.解决这一问题的措施是增加膜组件个数,从而在不提高膜通量的情况下使系统保持较低的HRT,保证系统高效稳定的污染物去除效果. 相似文献
44.
45.
Controls on Nutrients Across a Prairie Stream Watershed: Land Use and Riparian Cover Effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nutrient inputs generally are increased by human-induced land use changes and can lead to eutrophication and impairment of
surface waters. Understanding the scale at which land use influences nutrient loading is necessary for the development of
management practices and policies that improve water quality. The authors assessed the relationships between land use and
stream nutrients in a prairie watershed dominated by intermittent stream flow in the first-order higher elevation reaches.
Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphorus concentrations were greater in tributaries occupying the lower portions of the watershed,
closely mirroring the increased density of row crop agriculture from headwaters to lower-elevation alluvial areas. Land cover
classified at three spatial scales in each sub-basin above sampling sites (riparian in the entire catchment, catchment land
cover, and riparian across the 2 km upstream) was highly correlated with variation in both total nitrogen (r2 = 53%, 52%, and 49%, respectively) and nitrate (r2 = 69%, 65%, and 56%, respectively) concentrations among sites. However, phosphorus concentrations were not significantly
associated with riparian or catchment land cover classes at any spatial scale. Separating land use from riparian cover in
the entire watershed was difficult, but riparian cover was most closely correlated with in-stream nutrient concentrations.
By controlling for land cover, a significant correlation of riparian cover for the 2 km above the sampling site with in-stream
nutrient concentrations could be established. Surprisingly, land use in the entire watershed, including small intermittent
streams, had a large influence on average downstream water quality although the headwater streams were not flowing for a substantial
portion of the year. This suggests that nutrient criteria may not be met only by managing permanently flowing streams. 相似文献
46.
Zhenyan Zhang Xiaoji Fan W.J.G.M. Peijnenburg Meng Zhang Liwei Sun Yujia Zhai Qi Yu Juan Wu Tao Lu Haifeng Qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):1-9
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO3?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them. 相似文献
47.
随着污水处理厂排到受纳水体标准的不断提高及区域污染物排放限值的要求,已建的污水处理厂需要提标改造提高排放标准。本文所提工程对现有的CASS池进行改造,通过投加悬浮填料形成CASS+MBBR工艺,其中TN污染物的去除率可提高到8%~15%间,其它污染物也能达到预期的设计标准。 相似文献
48.
For conifer stands in NW-Germany with high DIN load (23-35 kg N ha−1 a−1) and a long history of nitrogen export the risk of N mobilization were investigated. Ammonium is the most mobilized N species, pointing towards either conditions not favoring nitrification or, more likely - under the dominant aerobic conditions - a very high amount of ammonium in the forest floor. Independence of net nitrification and net ammonification from each other indicates the existence of two separate systems. The nitrifying system depends very much on biotic conditions - as a function of energy and moisture - and seems not to be directly related to N deposition. In contrast, for the ammonification system (Oe horizon) a correlation with the sum of ammonium deposition three months prior to sampling was found. However, the role of disturbance, i.e. nitrogen export, during the last centuries and the role of recovery of the N balance during the last 150 years is still not clear. 相似文献
49.
Tracking nitrogen losses in a greenhouse crop rotation experiment in North China using the EU-Rotate_N simulation model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ruiying Guo Clive Rahn Qing Chen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2218-2229
Vegetable production in China is associated with high inputs of nitrogen, posing a risk of losses to the environment. Organic matter mineralisation is a considerable source of nitrogen (N) which is hard to quantify. In a two-year greenhouse cucumber experiment with different N treatments in North China, non-observed pathways of the N cycle were estimated using the EU-Rotate_N simulation model. EU-Rotate_N was calibrated against crop dry matter and soil moisture data to predict crop N uptake, soil mineral N contents, N mineralisation and N loss. Crop N uptake (Modelling Efficiencies (ME) between 0.80 and 0.92) and soil mineral N contents in different soil layers (ME between 0.24 and 0.74) were satisfactorily simulated by the model for all N treatments except for the traditional N management. The model predicted high N mineralisation rates and N leaching losses, suggesting that previously published estimates of N leaching for these production systems strongly underestimated the mineralisation of N from organic matter. 相似文献
50.
Markus Hauck 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1127-1133
Since lichens lack roots and take up water, solutes and gases over the entire thallus surface, these organisms respond more sensitively to changes in atmospheric purity than vascular plants. After centuries where effects of sulphur dioxide and acidity were in the focus of research on atmospheric chemistry and lichens, recently the globally increased levels of ammonia and nitrate increasingly affect lichen vegetation and gave rise to intense research on the tolerance of lichens to nitrogen pollution. The present paper discusses the main findings on the uptake of ammonia and nitrate in the lichen symbiosis and to the tolerance of lichens to eutrophication. Ammonia and nitrate are both efficiently taken up under ambient conditions. The tolerance to high nitrogen levels depends, among others, on the capability of the photobiont to provide sufficient amounts of carbon skeletons for ammonia assimilation. Lowly productive lichens are apparently predisposed to be sensitive to excess nitrogen. 相似文献