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891.
铁渗透反应格栅是铬污染地下水的有效去除技术,但地下水中SO42-对铁格栅长期运行性能影响还不清楚。文章采用批实验和柱实验的方法,分别研究了硫酸根离子浓度对颗粒铁从液相去除常量C(rVI)(20mg/L)的动力学影响及这种影响随时间的变化。批试验表明,随SO42-浓度的增加,C(rVI)的面积标准化速率系数kSA增加。柱试验采用三个平行柱实验系统连续输入含20mg/LC(rVI)的模拟地下水(含或不含SO42(-1000mg/L))。柱实验表明,运行100PV以前,SO42-显著增大颗粒铁对C(rVI)的面积标准化速率常数kSA,随后SO42-增强作用逐渐减弱,运行337PV时,SO42-没有明显的影响。硫酸根离子通过在铁表面形成配合物而加速铁的溶解,增加颗粒铁的表面活性,从而增强颗粒铁对C(rVI)的去除,生物作用不强时可以不考虑硫酸根对铁格栅长期运行性能的影响。 相似文献
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成渝经济区森林碳储量动态及空间格局特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以GIS为支撑,以成渝经济区的空间关系、自然环境和社会环境为基础,分析2000—2007年森林碳储量的动态和空间格局.结果表明:①2000—2007年森林碳储量从3.39×108 t增至3.59×108 t,年均增长率为0.72%,区域碳汇能力逐渐增强.②各生态功能区森林碳储量变化不同,经济发达地区碳储量增长更为缓慢.③森林碳储量在各高程等级均有所增加,其中海拔在500~1 000 m的区域增长最快,海拔≥3 000 m的区域增长最慢;坡度为25~35°的区域增长最快,≥35°的区域增长最慢.④森林碳储量除在人口密度≥1 000人/km2的区域呈缓慢减少的趋势外,在其他区域均呈增加趋势,其中人口密度在250~500人/km2的区域增长最快.⑤同一年内森林碳储量呈现出随GDP增加而逐渐减少的趋势;年际间,各GDP等级内碳储量均呈增加趋势,其中在GDP为2.5×106~5.0×106元/km2的区域增长最快. 相似文献
894.
湖泊水体中营养盐控制技术研究进展 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
营养盐物质是造成湖泊水体富营养化的关键因素,在对湖泊水体营养盐控制技术探讨过程中,分析了营养盐的来源形式,从物理、化学、生物生态学角度分别对营养盐的控制技术进行了论述和思考,并指出了今后湖泊水体中营养盐控制技术发展方向。 相似文献
895.
Atmospheric deposition of nutrients within agricultural watersheds has received scant attention and is poorly understood compared to nutrient transport in surface and subsurface water flow pathways. Thus, we determined the deposition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sediment in a mixed land use watershed in south-central Pennsylvania (39.5 ha; 50% corn–wheat–soybean rotation, 20% pasture, and 30% woodland), in comparison with stream loads at several locations along its reach between 2004 and 2006. There was a significant difference in deposition rates among land uses (P < 0.05) with more P and N deposited on cropland (1.93 kg P and 10.71 kg N ha−1 yr−1) than pasture (1.10 kg P and 8.06 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and woodland (0.36 and 2.33 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although not significant, sediment showed the same trends among land uses. A significant relationship was found between P in deposition and P in soil <10-m away from the samplers suggesting much of the deposited sample was derived from local soil. Samplers adjacent to the stream channel showed deposition rates (1.64 kg P and 8.83 kg N ha−1 yr−1) similar to those on cropland. However, accounting for the surface area of the stream, direct deposition of P, N, and sediment probably accounted for <3% of P and <1% of N and sediment load in stream flow from the watershed (1.41 kg P, 27.09 kg N, and 1343 kg sediment ha−1 yr−1 at the outlet). This suggests that strategies to mitigate nutrient and sediment loss in this mixed-land use watershed should focus on runoff pathways. 相似文献
896.
Raia-Silvia Massad Benjamin Loubet Andre Tuzet Herv Autret Pierre Cellier 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,133(3-4):170
The plant can be a source or a sink of ammonia (NH3) depending on its nitrogen (N) supply, metabolism and on the background atmospheric concentrations. Thus plants play a major role in regulating atmospheric NH3 concentrations. For a better understanding of the factors influencing the NH3 stomatal compensation point, it is important to analyse the dynamics of leaf NH3 fluxes. The relationship between the leaf NH3 fluxes and the leaf apoplast ammonium and nitrate concentrations, N nutrition and the light and dark periods was studied here.We designed an experiment to quantitatively assess leaf-atmosphere NH3 exchange and the stomatal compensation point and to identify the main factors affecting the variation of NH3 fluxes in oilseed rape. We tested day and night dynamics as well as the effect of five different N treatments. Two experimental methods were used: a dynamic open flux chamber and extraction of the apoplastic solution.Chamber measurements showed that there was a good correlation between plant NH3 fluxes and water fluxes. Compensation points were calculated by two different methods and ranged between 0.8 and 12.2 μg m−3 NH3 (at 20 °C) for the different N treatments. Apoplastic solution measurements showed that there was no significant differences in the apoplastic NH4+ concentrations ([NH4+]apo) extracted in dark and light periods for the same N treatment. Statistical analysis also showed that [NH4+]apo was correlated with [NH4+] in the nutrient solution and weakly correlated with [NO3−]. Apoplast NH4+ concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 2.1 mM, bulk tissue NH4+ concentrations between 3.9 and 6.6 mM and xylem concentrations between 2.4 and 6.1 mM depending on the N supply.Calculated NH3 emission potential from the extraction measurements were over-estimated when compared with the value calculated from chamber measurements. Errors related to chamber measurements included separation of the cuticular and stomatal fluxes and the calculation of total resistance to NH3 exchange. Errors related to the extraction measurements included assessing the amount of cytoplasmic contamination. We do not have another method to assess the NH3 stomatal compensation point and the choice between these two measurement techniques should depend on the scales to which the measurements apply and the processes to be studied. 相似文献
897.
就水泥企业SO2和NOX排放总量核算方法的选取问题,以3家不同类型水泥企业为例,以监测数据法核算结果为依据,对排污系数法和物料衡算法的核算结果进行统计学描述和差异性检验。结果表明:排污系数法能基本反映各类企业SO2、NOX实际排放状况;物料衡算法不适合各类企业NOχ的总量核算;对含熟料生产线的水泥企业,物料衡算法核算得出的SO2排放量偏小,实际工作中不建议采用;对粉磨站水泥企业,物料衡算法与排污系数法均能反映实际SO2排放情况,建议以"取大值"原则选取。 相似文献
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