粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水及机理研究

采用粉煤灰作为吸附混凝剂,研究了粉煤灰对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)模拟废水的去除效果及机理.结果表明,粉煤灰投加量和pH值对去除效果有较大影响;在200 mL 50 mg/L的SDS溶液中,调节pH值为13,加入70 g粉煤灰,搅拌20min时,SDS的去除率为83.3％.粉煤灰对SDS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式.     

鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌降解颗粒有机质的影响

通过好氧降解实验研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对1株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa)降解颗粒有机质的影响,着重探讨了其作用方式,并与TritonX-100和SDS等2种化学表面活性剂作了对比.结果表明,浓度高于临界胶束浓度的鼠李糖脂在基质表面的等温吸附呈线性规律.鼠李糖脂在基质和微生物表面的吸附使菌体在基质表面的吸附性能减弱.鼠李糖脂和2种化学表面活性剂的物化作用使基质水分得以较长时间地保持,并加强了有机质在基质液相中的分散.在鼠李糖脂的作用下,有机质的降解从颗粒表面转移到液相,降解方式发生了改变.通过以上作用,鼠李糖脂促进了微生物的生长和有机质的降解.SDS和TritonX-100对有机质颗粒的降解也产生了一定的促进作用.     

复合表面活性剂对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟润湿作用的研究

为了有效控制燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的污染,根据理论和实验研究的结果,选择合适的润湿剂和助剂,研究了阴离子表面活性剂Y1、非离子表面活性剂F1与无机盐Z1复配后溶液表面张力的变化,筛选出了表面张力较小的配比。利用所选配比对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的润湿作用进行了W alker实验研究和理论分析。实验结果表明,0.5 mmol/L Y1+50mmol/L Z1+0.03 mmol/L F1的配比对黑烟的润湿作用较好。并对其润湿机理进行了探讨。     

Use of two-surfactants mixtures to attain specific HLB values for assisted TPH-diesel biodegradation

In a surfactant assisted biodegradation process, the choice of surfactant(s) is of crucial importance. The question is: does the type of surfactant(i, e. chemical family) affect the biodegradation process at fixed hidrophillic-lypofillic balance(H/B) values? Microcosm assessments were developed using contaminated soil, with around of 5000 mg/kg of hydrocarbons as TPH-diesel. Mixtures of three nonionic surfactants were employed to get a wide range of specific HLB values. Tween20 and Span20 were mixed in the appropriate proportions to get HLB values between 8.6 and 16.7. Tween/Span60 mixtures reached HLB values between 4.7 and 14.9. Finally,Tween/Span80 combinations yielded HLB values between 4.3 and 1.5. TPH-diesel biodegradation was measured at the beginning, and after 8 weeks, as well as the FCU/grsod, as a measure of microorganisms‘ development during the biodegradation period. A second aim of this work was to assess the use of guar gum as a biodegradation enhancer instead of synthetic products. The conclusions of this work are that surfactant chemical family, and not only the HLB value clearly affects the assisted biodegradation rate. Surfactant‘s synergism was clearly observed. Regarding the use of guar gum, no biodegradation enhancement was observed for the three assessed concentrations,i.e., 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. On the contrary, TPH-diesel removal was lower as the gum concentration increased. It is quite possible that guar gum was used as a microbial substrate.     

Mass balance of anionic surfactants through up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket based sewage treatment plants

The outcome of a 21-month monitoring study on anionic surfactants (AS) at five (27–70 ML/d) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) is described. The average removals of AS were around 8–30%. Appreciable concentrations of AS were being discharged to the watercourse (average 4.30 mg/L; range 3.60–4.91 mg/L). On an average dried sludge contained 1452 mg AS/kg dry weight. Mass balance at three STPs indicated that, AS load of the order of 5–17% and ≈12% is removed by adsorption in UASB reactors and polishing ponds (PP) respectively. Biodegradation of AS under anaerobic conditions in UASB reactors and PP does not seem to take place. In the sludge stream, appreciable biodegradation (≈46%) of adsorbed AS under aerobic conditions on the sludge drying beds takes place. If influent AS mass flux is normalized to 100 units, than average of ≈74 and ≈7 units are discharged with treated effluent and dried sludge respectively, while 12 and 6 units are adsorbed/settled in PP and aerobically biodegrade on sludge drying beds respectively. At two STPs (34 and 56 ML/d), the filterable fluxes in UASBR increased so that the mass balance could not be computed.     

粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水及机理研究

采用粉煤灰作为吸附混凝剂,研究了粉煤灰对废水中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）的去除及机理。分析了粉煤灰投加量、吸附时间、pH值对废水中SDS去除率的影响,探讨了最佳条件下废水中SDS去除率,研究了粉煤灰动力学特征。结果表明,在200mL浓度50mg/L的SDS溶液中,调节pH值为13,加入70 g粉煤灰,搅拌20m in后,SDS的去除率为83.3%。粉煤灰对SDS的吸附符合Freund lich吸附等温式。     

Limitations of reverse polyethylene samplers (RePES) for evaluating toxicity of field contaminated sediments

Passive samplers are used to measure dissolved nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs) in environmental media. More recently, reverse polyethylene samplers (RePES) have been used with spiked sediments to recreate interstitial water exposure concentrations and observed toxicity. In the present study, RePES were used with field contaminated sediments. The RePES was not capable of recreating the pattern of toxicity with the amphipod and mysid observed with intact field sediments. Decreased survival in the RePES exposures as compared to the whole sediment exposures was most likely caused by an overexposure to NOCs due to a lack of surrogate black carbon in the RePES system. As an alternative, aqueous phase studies were performed in which polyethylene was allowed to equilibrate with slurries of intact sediments for 3 weeks. Three weeks was found to be an insufficient amount of time for the polyethylene to equilibrate with the sediment. An additional study demonstrated 3 months was sufficient for lower contaminant concentrations, but might not be an adequate amount of time for more highly contaminated sediments. The aqueous phase transfer approach may be useful if equilibration is sufficiently long, although this length of time may be impractical for use in certain applications, such as toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs).     

改性粉煤灰处理含阳离子表面活性剂废水的研究

以粉煤灰作为吸附剂 ,研究了含阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB为 2 0～ 12 0mg L的模拟废水去除CTMAB的一般规律。研究结果表明 ,以CaO为改性剂改性的粉煤灰对含阳离子表面活性剂废水具有良好的吸附性能 ,在含CTMAB浓度为 2 0～ 12 0mg L ,改性粉煤灰用量每 2 0 0mL为 2 0～ 2 5g,粒径范围 2 0 0～ 180目 ,pH为 12～ 13的实验条件下 ,CTMAB的去除率最高可达 98%以上     

Biodegradation of synthetic surfactants by river microorganisms

Ｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｕｒｆａｃｔａｎｔｓｂｙｒｉｖｅｒｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ￥ＨｉｄｅａｋｉＭａｋｉ；ＫｅｎｒｏｕＴｏｋｕｈｉｒｏ；ＹａｓｕｈｉｒｏＦｕｊｉｗａｒａ；ＭｉｃｈｉｈｉｋｏＩｋｅ；ＫｅｎｊｉＦｕｒｕｋ...     

有机物料及表面活性剂对植物修复菲污染土壤的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了外源有机物料及表面活性剂加入菲污染土壤后黑麦草对土壤中菲的修复作用.结果表明,有机物料(绿肥和猪粪堆肥)施入土壤后,黑麦草地上部和地下部的生物量比对照增加了13.54～24.18%,而表面活性剂(T80、SDS、CTAB)的加入却降低了黑麦草的生物量;结果还显示,有机物料和表面活性剂加入都可以提高植株体内菲的含量,但植株吸收积累菲的量占土壤菲总损失量的比例不足0.1%.本研究表明,植物从土壤中吸收菲不是植物修复菲污染土壤的主要机制.