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Ligía Noronha 《Natural resources forum》2001,25(1):53-65
The objective of this article is to illustrate the use of a framework to design a set of tools to assess progress towards improved well-being in a mining region. The framework uses an ecosystem approach to assess human well-being and is sensitive to the needs, concerns, and interests of at least the major stakeholders: government, company and community. The framework seeks to be useful to stakeholders and to be of policy relevance. The article presents the proposed framework with illustrations from a case study in Goa, India. Mining in Goa has had both positive and negative impacts on the well-being of local people. These impacts vary depending on the age of mining. In areas where mining is well established and active, the economic impacts are more positive. The social and environmental impacts are more negative in the regions where mining is new or is closing down. These characteristics generate their own set of issues of concern to stakeholders. Based on these issues, three types of tools to assess current well-being and progress towards improved well-being are suggested: (i) Indicators based on identified issues using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework; (ii) A quality of life instrument, which can be developed either as an aggregate measure of well-being or in a more limited way to capture the satisfaction of the community with their living conditions; (iii) A regional income accounting framework to assess whether the mining region is able to continue functioning into the indefinite future without being forced into a decline through the degradation of its key natural, social, and human assets and resources. The article suggests that if these tools are used regularly, an information system will emerge that will, over time, provide markers of what mining is doing to the region and to the local communities. 相似文献
104.
对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省(简称东三省)51个国家级自然保护区人类活动情况进行了实地考察,并对自然保护区的建’设和管理情况进行了调研。针对调研情况,为加强东三省国家级自然保护区管理工作的顺利进行,提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
105.
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in six drought-affected areas of India in 2003 to assess the impact of drought on the vitamin A status of 3,657 rural pre-school children. The prevalence of Bitot's spots was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher (1.8 per cent) during drought (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0; 95 per cent confidence interval: 1.6 -2.7). The dietary intake of vitamin A was lower during drought and in 81 per cent of households it was less than 50 per cent of the recommended rate. Severe drought has an adverse impact on the vitamin A status of rural pre-school children, particularly those with illiterate mothers and belonging to an older age group (p < 0.01). Communities need to be sensitised, therefore, to vitamin A deficiency through health and nutrition education, and there needs to be wider coverage of vitamin A supplementation, particularly among children in drought-affected and drought-prone areas. 相似文献
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Ray-Bennett NS 《Disasters》2009,33(2):274-290
'Multiple disasters' or disasters that occur in 'one specific place' are regular events in coastal parts of the state of Orissa in eastern India. Yet the policy framework for addressing multiple disasters is weak. This paper aims to show that policy responses in pre- and post-independence Orissa have overlooked the effects of multiple disasters. Evidence based on a review of the literature and onfieldwork indicates that Orissa has a long history of experience of multiple disasters due to its unique geographic location, political dislocation, and ineffective disaster policies that have focused only on single events. One can observe the effects of this even today in Orissa, notably inadequate measures to counteract the consequences of multiple disasters at the household level and to build people's capacity. This study posits, therefore, that multiple disasters deserve good representation in integrated disaster reduction strategies designed to mitigate their impacts. 相似文献
108.
During the past 25 years, the management of marine ecosystems has evolved significantly. Due to the increased use of the sea
and the increased awareness of adverse impacts of certain human activities in and around the sea, which has been a common
good for a long time—‘Mare Liberum’—an international and integrated approach has become increasingly important to regulate
the use of our common seas.
From the late 1960s onwards, intergovernmental meetings have taken place in order to tackle the problems of international
pollution of seas and oceans. One reason for this attention was the Torrey Canyon accident in 1967, which triggered the start
of the Bonn Agreement in 1969 for coordinating the combat mission against oil and chemical spills in the North Sea.
After the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, with the involvement of the European Union,
the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), other regional and
global Conventions, as well as the North Sea Ministerial Conferences were established.
These continuous international efforts have resulted in a considerable reduction of the input of certain contaminants and
of nutrients (in particular phosphate) into the marine environment. However, not all problems have yet been solve. The North
Sea Ministers agreed at the Conference in Esbjerg (1995) to aim at a reduction of the input of all hazardous substances within
one generation, in order to reach the goal of negligible risks of pollution. Furthermore, there is a general aim to minimize
adverse effects of disturbing activities. The challenge, now and in the future, is to find a balance between economic development
and environmental protection of our international marine waters aiming at a sustainable development of the marine resources
by employing scientifically based measures and, in situations where there are reasonable grounds for concern but no conclusive
links between cause and problem, applying the precautionary principle with respect to pollution and disturbing activities. 相似文献
109.
A procedure is outlined which allows consideration of both objective and subjective indicators to establish priorities in plan implementation of water resource development. The objective procedure utilizes stepwise multiple discriminant analysis to predict community performance regarding planned project implementation, based on previous project implementation in the Northeast. The subjective procedure incorporates prior probabilities developed by the planner, based on observation and experience gained through the planning process. The proposed analysis could eliminate waste through better allocation of planning funds to implementation studies exhibiting higher probability of early implementation. 相似文献
110.
东北地区资源型工业发展对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
资源型工业在东北地区经济发展中占有重要的地位,是地区经济发展的支柱和解决社会就业的主力.在回顾东北地区资源型工业发展历史的基础上,分析了发展中存在的问题和不足,指出振兴东北地区和发展资源型工业的必要性,最后提出了要通过建立支撑系统、优化生产体系、利用国际市场、实行集团化经营、调整产业结构、实现可持续发展等来发展东北地区资源型工业的相应对策. 相似文献