Numerical and experimental study of the explosions caused by residual pressure in quick actuating vessels

The explosion accident caused by residual pressure is one of the most common kinds of accidents in quick actuating pressure vessels. And it is important to provide some reliable methods, which can give reasonable analysis of the explosion. In this study, experiments of the explosion are preformed by using two quick actuating pressure vessels with residual pressure, and a new mathematical model is presented. The model is based on the combination of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence fluid model and Newton’s second Law for the solid motion. And the model is solved with local remeshing method. By performing the simulation with the same parameters of experiments, the results of the simulation confirm the accuracy of the model. And the results shows the crucial factor of vessel structure, which the maximum ejected speed of the lid highly depends on. Based on that, the optimal design of the structure is presented, which can provide better security.     

Modeling compensated root water and nutrient uptake

Plant root water and nutrient uptake is one of the most important processes in subsurface unsaturated flow and transport modeling, as root uptake controls actual plant evapotranspiration, water recharge and nutrient leaching to the groundwater, and exerts a major influence on predictions of global climate models. In general, unsaturated models describe root uptake relatively simple. For example, root water uptake is mostly uncompensated and nutrient uptake is simulated assuming that all uptake is passive, through the water uptake pathway only. We present a new compensated root water and nutrient uptake model, implemented in HYDRUS. The so-called root adaptability factor represents a threshold value above which reduced root water or nutrient uptake in water- or nutrient-stressed parts of the root zone is fully compensated for by increased uptake in other soil regions that are less stressed. Using a critical value of the water stress index, water uptake compensation is proportional to the water stress response function. Total root nutrient uptake is determined from the total of active and passive nutrient uptake. The partitioning between passive and active uptake is controlled by the a priori defined concentration value c_max. Passive nutrient uptake is simulated by multiplying root water uptake with the dissolved nutrient concentration, for soil solution concentration values below c_max. Passive nutrient uptake is thus zero when c_max is equal to zero. As the active nutrient uptake is obtained from the difference between plant nutrient demand and passive nutrient uptake (using Michaelis–Menten kinetics), the presented model thus implies that reduced passive nutrient uptake is compensated for by active nutrient uptake. In addition, the proposed root uptake model includes compensation for active nutrient uptake, in a similar way as used for root water uptake. The proposed root water and nutrient uptake model is demonstrated by several hypothetical examples, for plants supplied by water due to capillary rise from groundwater and surface drip irrigation.     

综采工作面粉尘运移和粉尘浓度三维分布的数值模拟研究

分析了综采工作面流场及粉尘分布的特点 ,视工作面含尘风流为气 粒两相流 ,建立了描述综采工作面风流中粉尘运动和浓度分布的数学模型。采用计算流体力学的有限容积法求解 ,编制了模拟计算综采工作面三维空间内风速和粉尘浓度分布的计算机程序     

金川公司二矿区通风系统风流非定常流动规律研究

实际上 ,矿井的风流状态受多种因素影响 ,金川公司二矿区井下风流就处于非定常状态 ,为了保证生产安全 ,控制风流状态 ,采取相应的通风措施 ,开设课题研究 ,建立了井巷内空气非定常流动能量方程和通风网络中非定常流动的数学模型。根据该模型可以模拟出矿井通风系统内非定常状态下任意时刻、任意位置通过风量。通过对金川公司二矿区井下机站风机开停和风门开关引起通风系统风流的非定常流动过程的数值模拟 ,得出了受其影响区域内风流状态的变化规律 ,并为其采取通风措施和控制风流状态 ,提供了科学依据     

Migration of colloids in discretely fractured porous media: effect of colloidal matrix diffusion

Numerical simulations of colloid transport in discretely fractured porous media were performed to investigate the importance of matrix diffusion of colloids as well as the filtration and remobilization of colloidal particles in both the fractures and porous matrix. To achieve this objective a finite element numerical code entitled COLDIFF was developed. The processes that COLDIFF takes into account include advective-dispersive transport of colloids, filtration and remobilization of colloidal particles in both fractures and porous matrix, and diffusive interactions of colloids between the fractures and porous matrix. Three sets of simulations were conducted to examine the importance of parameters and processes controlling colloid migration. First, a sensitivity analysis was performed using a porous block containing a single fracture to determine the relative importance of various phenomenological coefficients on colloid transport. The primary result of the analysis showed that the porosity of the matrix and the process of colloid filtration in fractures play important roles in controlling colloid migration. Second, simulations were performed to replicate and examine the results of a laboratory column study using a fractured shale saprolite. Results of this analysis showed that the filtration of colloidal particles in the porous matrix can greatly affect the tailing of colloid concentrations after the colloid source was removed. Finally, field-scale simulations were performed to examine the effect of matrix porosity, fracture filtration and fracture remobilization on long-term colloid concentration and migration distance. The field scale simulations indicated that matrix diffusion and fracture filtration can significantly reduce colloid migration distance. Results of all three analyses indicated that in environments where porosity is relatively high and colloidal particles are small enough to diffuse out of fractures, the characteristics of the porous matrix that affect colloid transport become more important than those of the fracture network. Because the properties of the fracture network tend to have greater uncertainty due to difficulties in their measurement relative to those of the porous matrix, prediction uncertainties associated with colloid transport in discretely fractured porous media may be reduced.     

KIVA:一种计算带有化学反应流和喷雾的多维流动模拟程序(Ⅰ)

本文介绍美国Ｌｏｓ Ａｌａｍｏｓ国家实验室推出的ＫＩＶＡ程序,描述发展的ＡＬＥ法。使用ＫＩＶＡⅡ程序,使日本ＹＡＮＭＡＲ４ＴＮ８２柴油机燃烧室为工程计算背景,对其中空气运动进行三维数值模拟,并对计算结果进行分析,从而展示ω型燃烧室内空气动动变化趋势。     

山体对烟羽弥散影响的一种数值模拟方法

本文对山地和丘陵地区中烟羽浓度扩散分布的计算提出一种方法,该方法引用浓度方程的分析解,通过对山地绕流数值计算速度势和流函数,可较简易地求得烟羽浓度分布。作为算例,文中对中条山某工厂烟囟排放的SO2,预测了它在各种风速时被输运扩敢的浓度分布。      

微波辐射作用下人体热调节的数值模拟

探讨了微波辐射的致热生物效应，研究了微波辐射与人体热调节的关系，建立了考虑微波辐射致热效应的人体热调节系统模型。采用数值模拟方法能方便地定量分析微波辐射的致热生物效应。     

城市街区大气流动与汽车尾气扩散的三维数值模拟

道路交通已成为现代城市的主要污染源，利用数学模型预测汽车排放污染物对大气环境的影响成为主要手段。针对一个典型城市街区的大气流动和汽车排放物扩散问题进行三维数值模拟分析，揭示了污染物在不同高度建筑物。不同宽度街道和十字道路所组成的街区峡谷内外的大气流动和污染物迁移扩散特征，同时反映了街道走向的影响。研究表明：由于受街道布局和大气边界层的影响，污染物主要集中在街区峡谷内（特别是近地面附近)难以扩散，易造成局部高浓度污染；由于流场的非均匀性和三维特征，污染物浓度呈现非均匀扩散特性。     

空气质量数值模型的构建及应用研究进展

综述了近年来国内外空气质量模型的发展历程、空气质量数值模型构建的关键技术以及应用研究。指出了目前空气质量数值预报及应用主要面临气象条件,尤其是大气边界层模拟、大气污染物排放源和大气物理化学过程等问题。提出,应当通过规范化制作和完善排放源清单数据,建立统一的排放源分析标准,提高排放源数据的准确性;多向发展观测手段,加大监测密度和频率,并进行实验室化学分析,提出适合我国的大气物理化学机制。就空气质量模式而言,对模式方案进行优化,以及使用气象、卫星资料同化等技术手段,将其与观测相结合,构建监测与预报系统相结合的统一体系,应用于多平台。