微膨胀对好氧颗粒污泥脱氮过程中N2O产生量的研究

采用控制低溶解氧(DO)在SBR反应器内,研究了好氧颗粒污泥微膨胀的实现;考察了微膨胀颗粒污泥对COD和氨氮去除效能以及温室气体N2O产生量.结果表明,在低DO条件下可以获得微膨胀颗粒污泥,污泥容积指数(SVI)大都在150～250 mL.g-1之间.微膨胀颗粒污泥对COD和氨氮去除量影响不大,COD去除率从89.45%上升到90.99%;氨氮去除率从77.29%降至68.29%;硝化速率从38.95×10-3 mg.(g.min)-1降至33.46×10-3 mg.(g.min)-1.微膨胀颗粒污泥对N2O产生量影响很大,微膨胀颗粒污泥N2O产生量为2.42 mg.m-3是没有发生微膨胀颗粒污泥N2O产生量的1.26倍.微膨胀颗粒污泥N2O释放速率由3.63×10-3mg.(L.min)-1上升到4.72×10-3mg.(L.min)-1.     

不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放及其影响因素

由于冬季气温低,温室气体的排放往往被忽视.而最新研究结果显示,土壤冬季仍然持续排放N2O.研究不同土地利用方式下冬季N2O排放规律对于评估农田土壤N2O排放有重要意义.在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站选择4种不同的土地利用方式包括冬闲稻田、油菜地、蜜柚园和撂荒地,采用静态箱采集和气相色谱法结合监测N2O排放动态.结果表明,冬闲稻田和油菜地N2O排放量明显高于蜜柚园和撂荒地,其顺序为:油菜地>冬闲稻田>蜜柚园>荒地.N2O的累积排放量分别为0.502、0.392、0.162、0.075 kg·hm-2.冬闲稻田和油菜地的累计排放量占全年排放量的贡献较大而蜜柚园和荒地则较小.相关性分析结果表明,对于不同的土地利用方式,当土壤温度>5℃时,冬季N2O排放通量与土壤温度都有显著指数正相关,而与水分没有相关性.本研究表明,当土壤温度>5℃,土壤温度是冬季桃源不同土地类型N2O排放的主导因素;当土壤温度<5℃时,土壤温度和其他环境因素综合影响了N2O的排放.     

An improved GC-ECD method for measuring atmospheric N2O

Gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) has been widely used for measuring atmospheric N2O,but nonlinear response and the influence of atmospheric CO2 have been recognized as defects for quantification.An original GCECD method using N 2 as carrier gas was improved by introducing a small flow rate of CO2 makeup gas into the ECD,which could well remedy the above defects.The N2O signal of the improved method was 4-fold higher than that of the original method and the relative standard deviation was reduced from > 1% to 0.31%.N2O concentrations with different CO2 concentrations (172.2×10-6-1722×10-6mol/mol) measured by the improved GC-ECD method were in line with the actual N2O concentrations.However,the N2O concentrations detected by the original method were largely biased with a variation range of-4.5%～7%.The N2O fluxes between an agricultural field and the atmosphere measured by the original method were greatly overestimated in comparison with those measured by the improved method.Good linear correlation (R2=0.9996) between the response of the improved ECD and N2O concentrations (93×10-9-1966×10-9mol/mol) indicated that atmospheric N2O could be accurately quantified via a single standard gas.Atmospheric N2O concentrations comparatively measured by the improved method and a high precision GC-ECD method were in good agreement.     

多级A／O工艺处理制革废水的影响因素研究

采用多级A／O工艺小试装置开展制革废水处理的相关研究,重点考察温度、pH值、各级进水流量分配比、单级缺氧／好氧比、HRT等因素对废水处理效果的影响。确立优化实验条件,多级A／O工艺处理制革废水的适宜参数为水温15℃以上,pH值在7．5～8．5,进水分配比为4：3：2：1,HRT为24h。在优化的实验条件下,多级A／O出水COD和NH4一N分别在150mg·L-1和10mg·L-1以下,去除率分别可达86％和90％。实验结果表明,多级A／O工艺是一种新型的高效生物脱氮工艺,具有无需内回流、耐冲击负荷、对碳源和溶解氧利用较为充分等优点。     

低负荷进水的改良型A2／O曝气池的改造研究

工业集聚区都配套相关的污水处理厂,但是很多工业集聚区,在刚刚起步的时候配套的污水处理厂都面临配套管网建设滞后、收集废水量较少等问题。焦作市万方工业集聚区污水处理厂进水单一,生化性差,进水负荷低于设计值,曝气池连续曝气造成污泥解絮,间歇曝气导致污泥在反应区发生沉淀,为解决上述问题,在好氧区添加潜水搅拌器,能够合理控制溶解氧,防止污泥解体,并且还可以避免生物反应区污泥发生沉淀现象,降低了电耗,出水指标好,达到了设备改造预期效果。     

A/O-MBR处理某经济区市政污水的效能

采用A/O-MBR法处理某经济区市政污水,对其进、出水的水质进行连续监测,考察系统稳定性和处理效果。结果表明,在水力停留时间12小时,污泥龄30天,回流比75%,好氧段DO浓度1.3～8.5 mg/L的条件下,系统对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为92.04%、93.66%、78.04%、91.06%。反硝化...     

利用氮、氧稳定同位素识别地下水硝酸盐污染源研究进展

氮污染特别是地下水硝酸盐污染已成为一个相当普遍而重要的环境问题。地下水硝酸盐污染与人类健康和环境安全密切相关。为控制地下水硝酸盐污染,最根本的解决办法就是找到硝酸盐的来源,减少硝态氮向地下水的输送。由于不同来源的硝酸盐具有不同的氮、氧同位素组成,人们利用NO3-中δ15N和δ18O开展了硝酸盐污染源识别研究。本文综述了利用氮、氧同位素识别地下水硝酸盐污染源及定量硝酸盐污染源输入的研究进展及目前存在的问题,并提出几个值得重视的研究方向。     

A/O法合并处理煤转气废水和生活污水

探讨了A/O法合并处理煤转气废水和生活污水的工艺原理及试运行效果。实践证明,该方法是处理高浓度煤转气废水的简单新方法,经处理后的污水可达到国家规定的排放标准。     

Resource abundance and financial development: Evidence from China

In this paper, we extend the debate on the resource curse by focusing on a new mechanism. Theoretically, resource abundance may have a negative influence on financial development by impacting trade openness, the demand for financial reforms, social capital accumulation and productive investments. Using provincial panel data of China, the empirical analysis confirms such a negative link between mineral resource abundance and financial development. The resource-rich regions tend to have a slower pace of financial development than resource-poor ones. Since the positive relationship between financial development and long-run growth is also confirmed by the analysis, our findings suggest that financial development constitutes an important mechanism through which resource abundance can impact economic performance.     

硝化反硝化过程中N_2O释放影响因素

结合N2O的产生机理,分析温度、含水率、NO2--N和底物质量浓度、pH和碱度、O2以及基质等因素对N2O释放的影响,试图探讨不同因素对N2O释放的影响规律,以期对生化过程中N2O的控制提供理论和技术支持。N2O的释放是温度、含水率、C/N、O2浓度、反应底物质量浓度、基质以及传输过程交互作用的结果。含水率、C/N、基质及温度等可通过不同途径影响溶解氧的质量浓度而影响N2O释放量;pH、NO2--N、NH3-N及温度等通过影响硝化、反硝化细菌的活性或对各阶段酶的抑制作用而影响N2O释放;土壤利用类型、植被种类、污水脱氮过程各参数等,会间接影响硝化和反硝化过程从而影响N2O的释放。