耕作方式对太湖地区冬小麦生长季N_2O排放的影响

采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对2009年11月至2010年6月冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生长季N2O排放通量进行田间原位观测,研究不同耕作方式（免耕、少耕、传统耕作）对太湖地区稻麦轮作系统麦季土壤N2O排放的影响。结果表明：有植株参与下免耕、少耕和传统耕作的冬小麦生长季N2O平均排放通量分别为63.75μg·m-2·h-1、39.94μg·m-2.h-1和48.83μg·m-2·h-1,无植株参与下分别为73.48μg·m-2·h-1、52.97μg·m-2·h-1和63.60μg·m-2·h-1,麦季N2O排放通量的季节变化与5 cm、10 cm土壤温度呈显著或极显著线性正相关（r=0.400＊～0.654＊＊,n=28）。小麦种植对N2O的排放影响较大,无植株参与的N2O季节总排放量显著高于有植株参与的处理（P〈0.05）;耕作方式显著影响冬小麦农田N2O季节总排放量（P〈0.05）,有植株参与下麦季N2O总排放量少耕较免耕和传统耕作分别减少37.3%和17.9%,无植株参与下分别减少28.0%和16.7%。研究表明太湖地区冬小麦采用少耕措施可减少麦季N2O的排放。     

氧化亚铜和氢氧化铜对苦草抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量的影响

研究了不同浓度氧化亚铜和氢氧化铜可湿性粉剂染毒对苦草叶片抗氧化酶〔超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)〕比活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,以0.15～1.5 mg.L-1氧化亚铜可湿性粉剂对苦草染毒7 d,其叶片SOD、APX和POD活性明显升高,1.5 mg.L-1处理组3种抗氧化酶比活力分别比助剂对照组升高49.0%、77.0%和39.0%,MDA含量极显著上升46.9%,总叶绿素含量显著下降42.6%。染毒14 d后3种抗氧化酶比活力均有不同程度回落,MDA含量恢复至正常水平,总叶绿素含量也有所回升。以0.1～1.0 mg.L-1氢氧化铜对苦草染毒7 d,1.0 mg.L-1处理组3种抗氧化酶比活力和MDA含量也呈显著上升趋势,总叶绿素含量显著下降。染毒14 d时3种抗氧化酶比活力和MDA含量恢复到正常水平,总叶绿素含量回升。上述结果显示,在氧化亚铜和氢氧化铜引起的铜胁迫早期,苦草叶片抗氧化酶因过氧化应激响应而上升,膜脂出现一定程度过氧化损伤,叶绿素含量下降,但随着暴露时间的延长,苦草对铜胁迫产生适应性,过氧化损伤得以缓解,叶绿素含量回升。     

生物黑炭还田对晚稻CH4和N2O综合减排影响研究

利用静态箱法测定了稻草直接还田和生物黑炭还田对湖南晚稻CH4和N2O排放的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥处理相比,添加稻草和生物黑炭处理的CH4排放量分别增加了24.70%（P〈0.05）和6.32%,而N2O的排放量分别降低了37.08%（P〈0.05）和37.61%（P〈0.05）;生物黑炭CH4排放量较稻草还田减少了14.74%（P〈0.05）。按100年统计稻田CH4和N2O的综合增温潜势（GWP）表明,单位产量的GWP由大到小顺序为稻草（RS）,不施肥（CK）,黑炭（BC）,化肥（CF）。综上说明,生物黑炭还田能保持晚稻产量稳定,减少了当季晚稻CH4和N2O的排放,具有一定的生态环境效益。     

地膜覆盖和生物炭添加对菜地N2O排放的影响

为研究生物炭添加(B0:0 t·hm^-2、 B20:20 t·hm^-2、 B40:40 t·hm^-2)和地膜覆盖（FM:覆膜、 NM:不覆膜）对菜地N₂O排放的影响,以西南大学农场内辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地为研究对象,采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法进行为期1 a的田间原位观测.共设置6个处理,分别为NMB0（CK）和FMB0、 NMB20和FMB20、 NMB40和FMB40.结果表明,FM显著提高辣椒季土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量（P<0.05）,而对萝卜季土壤环境因子均无显著影响.与NM相比,辣椒季FM分别对B0、 B20和B40处理下的N₂O排放提高了52.87%、 52.97%和52.49%（P<0.05）,但萝卜季FM对N₂O排放无显著影响.生物炭对辣椒和萝卜季土壤环境因子均无显著影响.萝卜季生物炭添加减少了28.76%～67.88%的N₂O排放（P<0.01）,辣椒季生物炭添加对N₂O排放无显著影响...     

Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O3 formation?

● This study summarizes and evaluates different approaches that indicate O₃ formation. ● Isopleth and sensitivity methods are useful but have many prerequisites. ● AOC is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to O₃ formation. Tropospheric ozone (O₃) concentration is increasing in China along with dramatic changes in precursor emissions and meteorological conditions, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. O₃ is formed from the complex nonlinear photochemical reactions from nitrogen oxides (NO_x = NO + NO₂) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although the mechanism of O₃ formation is rather clear, describing and analyzing its changes and formation potential at fine spatial and temporal resolution is still a challenge today. In this study, we briefly summarized and evaluated different approaches that indicate O₃ formation regimes. We identify that atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to the formation of O₃ and other secondary pollutants. Results show that AOC has a prominent positive relationship to O₃ in the major city clusters in China, with a goodness of fit (R²) up to 0.6. This outcome provides a novel perspective in characterizing O₃ formation and has significant implications for formulating control strategies of secondary pollutants.     

膜法A／O工艺处理炼油污水的探讨

应用生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ系统这项新技术处理炼油废水近三年来，已取得了初步成果；它对ＣＯＤ、酚、硫化物、ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除效果明显，但对总氮的去除效果较差。对我厂Ａ／Ｏ系统的运行进行了分析，对其存在问题进行了探讨，且提出了可行性的建议。     

焦化废水处理与工程试运行控制

介绍了焦化厂焦化废水的来源、水质特点及处理方式,介绍了采用的A/O2生化酚氰废水处理工艺,及该工艺在某公司废水处理过程中的试运行和控制.     

山东省广饶县污水处理厂工艺对比研究

介绍了广饶县污水处理厂一期、二期工艺即淹没式生物膜工艺和改良式A2/O工艺的特点及运行情况,分析了每个阶段对污染物的去除原理,并进行对比。结果表明:1)两个工艺对有机物的去除效果相当;2)改良式A2/O工艺对TN的去除效果优于淹没式生物膜工艺,主要是因为改良式A2/O工艺增加了内回流,增强了反硝化效果;3)两个工艺对TP的去除效果相当。     

Denitrification potential in a Louisiana wetland receiving diverted Mississippi River water

Excess nitrate in Mississippi River water entering offshore areas is reported to contribute to low oxygen (hypoxia) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Excessive algal growth driven by the excess nitrogen results in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in bottom water. Reintroduction of Mississippi River waters into a Louisiana coastal wetland has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrate reaching offshore waters. In this study, reduction in the concentration of added NO₃^- was determined in sediment-water-columns collected from a wetland site in Breton Sound estuary receiving nutrient inputs from the Mississippi River. The capacity of a wetland to process nitrate in floodwater was determined in the laboratory. The rates of NO₃^- removal (determined from change in nitrate concentration in the floodwater) averaged 97 mg N m^-2 d^-1 over 16 d for a 1750-mg NO₃-N m^-2 addition, and 170 mg N m^-2 d^-1 over 16 d for a 3500-mg NO₃-N m^-2 addition. The total N₂O-N emissions from the 1750- and 3500-mg NO₃-N m^-2 additions were 19 and 54 mg N m^-2 accounting for 1.1% and 1.5% of the applied NO₃-N, respectively. Using the acetylene-inhibition technique, the average denitrification rate was determined to be 57 and 87 mg N m^-2 d^-1 (21 and 32 g N m^-2 yr^-1) during the most active denitrification period of 5 d after incubation for 1750 and 3500 mg NO₃^--N m^-2 of added nitrate in floodwater, respectively. The total N evolved over 11 d as N₂O + N₂ was equivalent to 436 and 921 mg N m^-2 (24.9% and 26.3%, respectively, of added N). Increasing the amount of NO₃^- applied to the overlying water increased the rate of NO₃^- loss and N₂O emission significantly. The thickness of the oxidized surface sediment layer was also influenced by the NO₃^- application to the floodwater with a significant linear correlation between nitrate addition and thickness of the oxidized layer (r = 0.9998, p = 0.01). This study indicates that wetlands receiving diverted Mississippi River water have the potential to process and remove NO₃^- in the river water, reducing the amount of NO₃^- reaching to offshore areas.     

中国矿业大学污水处理站工艺改造设计和运行

介绍了中国矿业大学生活污水处理系统改造前后及运行情况,对比分析了生物膜法和活性污泥法处理工艺的优、缺点及工艺流程。运行结果表明,与原有工艺相比,改造后的工艺具有操作更简单,管理更方便,效果有保障,成本降低的优点,保证了出水水质达到GB/T 18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。