Gd2O3-NiO 共掺对钇稳定氧化锆材料热物理性能的影响

目的研究Gd_2O_3-NiO共掺对钇稳定氧化锆材料热物理性能的影响。方法采用高温固相反应法制得Gd_2O_3-NiO共掺YSZ陶瓷材料。分别利用XRD、扫描电镜观察、激光导热仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪对陶瓷材料的晶体结构、微观结构、热扩散系数及红外透过率进行表征,并对其热导率进行分析。结果 Gd_2O_3-NiO共掺YSZ后,陶瓷材料单斜相含量减少,室温至1300℃的热导率相比YSZ降低,在2.5~5μm波长范围内红外透过率降低。结论 Gd_2O_3-NiO共掺对YSZ陶瓷材料热导率的影响机理为掺杂Gd_2O_3和NiO导致YSZ中单斜相(M)、四方相(T)和立方相(C)含量发生变化,同时YSZ晶格发生畸变。对YSZ辐射传热的影响机理为通过在YSZ中掺杂过渡金属元素Ni使陶瓷材料吸收特定波长的光,进而有效地降低在2.5~5μm短波长的红外透过率,降低其高温下的红外辐射传热。     

Minimizing N2O fluxes from full-scale municipal solid waste landfill with properly selected cover soil

Municipal solid waste landfills emit nitrous oxide （N2O） gas. Assuming that the soil cover is the primary N2O source from landfills, this study tested, during a four-year project, the hypothesis that the proper use of chosen soils with fine texture minimizes N2O emissions. A full-scale sanitary landfill, a full-scale bioreactor landfill and a cell planted with Nerium indicum or Festuca arundinacea Schreb, at the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill in Hangzhou City were the test sites. The N2O emission rates from all test sites were considerably lower than those reported in the published reports. Specifically, the N2O emission rate was dependent on soil water content and nitrate concentrations in the cover soil. The effects of leachate recirculation and irrigation were minimal. Properly chosen cover soils applied to the landfills reduced N2O flux.     

V2O5/AC催化剂脱除烟气中SO2的微观动力学研究

利用热重分析仪对V2O3/AC脱除SO2的微观动力学进行了研究,考察了催化剂V2O5的含量[w(V2O5)]、反应物SO2和H2O的浓度[ψ(SO2)和ψ(H2O)]及反应温度对催化剂增重分率的影响,并采用微孔填充模型描述V2O5/AC的脱硫行为.模型研究表明:V2O5/AC脱除SO2反应速率由吸附-催化剂表面化学反应控制,SO2和H2O的吸附可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型分析.将活性组分表面分率和V2O5/AC的微孔孔容随反应的变化用参数n表示,n类似于反应级数,以表示二者对反应的影响程度.     

固定化活性氧化镧的化学除磷及其真空再生技术研究

为降低污水除磷成本、再生循环利用高效除磷剂、回收水体中磷,在此提出并研究了一种新型的化学除磷技术——固定化活性氧化镧（La2O3）化学除磷及其真空再生技术。该技术利用电解实现镧的固定,运用真空原理,实现氧化镧的再生和磷的回收。通过归纳各种常规除磷和新型除磷方法的特点,以及新型除磷方法的技术可行性,得出固定化活性La2O3化学除磷法较常规的除磷方法运行成本低,无污泥及二次污染产生,除磷效率高,可循环利用氧化镧除磷剂．回收利用水中的磷．     

UV／H2O2／GAC与GAC处理微污染水的研究

文章进行了UV／H2O2／GAC和GAC系统用于微污染水深度处理的试验研究,结果表明：UV／H2O2／GAC对uV篮;和TOC均有良好的去除效果,当H2O2投量3．0mg／L,UV／H2O2反应器停留时间20min时,系统的COD和UV254去除率为44．6％和72．8％。UV／H2O2主要作用在于改善了GAC对有机物的吸附,产生了羟基自由基,从而提高了去除效果。     

土壤理化特性对冬季菜地N2O排放的影响

选取7种具有10 a以上种植史的菜地土壤,通过室外盆栽试验研究施尿素条件下影响冬季菜地N2O排放的主要土壤因素.结果表明,不同土壤间N2O排放具有显著差异.对照菜地的季节性N2O-N排放总量为2.74～4.37 mg·盆-1,排放量与土壤本底的铵态氮、硝态氮含量及pH值呈弱线性相关.施尿素不仅促进了N2O的排放,而且加大了土壤间N2O排放的差异,季节性排放总量为6.39～29.38 mg·盆-1.与2000-2001年麦田相比,虽然菜地施尿素量低于麦地,但是N2O排放量无明显减少,菜地和麦地土壤的N2O排放均与土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量、C/N比值呈显著负相关.此外,施尿素菜地的N2O排放与土壤粘粒含量呈显著负相关,与土壤砂粒含量呈显著正相关.进一步研究表明,化肥氮的N2O-N转化系数主要受土壤碳、氮含量的影响.     

易挥发有机化合物在Pt/Al_2O_3-Si纤维催化剂上的低温氧化

本文合成了一种新型的Pt负载在Al_2O_3涂膜强力富硅纤维载体的催化剂,研究低温下催化易挥发有机化合物的行为.用四种有机化合物检验实验参数对催化剂分解有机化合物分解率的影响.讨论了流速、浓度、有机物的本性、预热温度、反应热等参数的影响,并给出了催化剂对苯、甲苯在特定实验条件下的活化能、反应级数和指前因子的数值.     

南岳森林土壤的研究——Ⅱ.化学性状和土壤有机质

本文介绍了南岳森林土壤与母岩的化学性状,以了解气候和植被对土壤的影响;介绍了土壤有机质的作用、含量、分布;讨论了影响土壤有机质含量的因素并给出了循环模型。     

青海省瓦里关地区近十年来大气本底化学组分的变化特征

利用1994年至2005年青海省瓦里关地区连续监测的大气CO2浓度、O3总量、近地面O3浓度,以及1991年至2004年和1990年至2004年气瓶采样的大气CH4浓度和CO浓度的资料,分析了大气中化学组分近十年来的变化特征.结果表明:瓦里关地区大气中CO2浓度明显呈逐年增加的趋势,年平均增长率约为1.87μmol·mol-1·a-1,且具有明显的季节变化;大气中O3总量表现为复杂的年际变化和稳定的下降趋势;地面O3浓度具有明显的季节变化且呈缓慢的上升趋势;大气中CH4浓度也呈逐年上升的趋势;大气中CO的浓度变化不明显.     

Effect of nitrification inhibitor on plant biomass and N2O emission rates in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT

Treatment with nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) have been strongly indicated to increase grassland biomass and mitigate soil N₂O emission rates. However, the responses of both alpine meadow aboveground biomass and N₂O emission rates to nitrification inhibitors remains unclear. We separately applied three doses of DCD and DMPP to alpine grassland soils with three duplicates. The biomass and N₂O emission rates were subsequently measured by a clear-cut method and in-situ static chamber gas chromatography during the growing season. Our findings indicated that aboveground biomass increased significantly, and N₂O emission rate decreased significantly at 6.8?kg?ha^?1 DCD and DMPP. Furthermore, the biomass increase effect was more significant than the N₂O emission rate mitigation effect (p?<?0.05). The highest ratios of DCD treatments on meadow production increase and N₂O emission rate decrease were 27.2% and 36.3%, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the enhanced grassland primary production and decreased N₂O flux by nitrification inhibitor treatment in alpine meadows, which may be beneficial to help mitigate global warming.