电催化氧化技术处理制革综合废水

选择DSA电极中的钛基掺硼金钢石膜电极(Ti/BDD),用于制革综合废水的电催化氧化处理研究,考察了在不同的电流密度、电压、电解质、pH值和电解时间等因素对COD去除率和电流效率的影响。结果表明,控制电流密度为30mA/cm2,电压为8.0 V,电解质(NaCl)浓度为2.0 g/L,pH为4.0,电催化氧化处理2 h后,废水的COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别达到了83.6%和90.3%,BOD/COD为0.45,比能耗为35.34 kWh/kg COD,电流效率为37%。     

不同改性多壁碳纳米管对Cr3+的吸附性能

通过催化裂解法制备多壁碳纳米管,利用不同化学试剂对多壁碳纳米管改性,研究了不同化学改性对多壁碳纳米管表面物理化学特性的影响和Cr3＋的吸附特性。结果表明,所制备的多壁碳纳米管孔隙均匀,外径为30～50 nm,长度为0.5～2μm,经过不同化学改性表面有效地引入了含氧基团。未改性、H2SO4、HNO3、H2SO4-HNO3改性碳纳米管对Cr3＋的吸附动力学均符合Langergren模型;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型。温度和pH升高均有利于改性多壁碳纳米管对Cr3＋的吸附。     

旋转填料床/柠檬酸盐法吸收-解吸SO2

提出采用旋转填料床结合柠檬酸盐法脱除烟气中SO2的方法,考察了旋转填料床转子转速、液气比、初始柠檬酸根浓度和初始pH值等因素对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,采用超重力法超重机转子转速为1 000 r/min、液气比为7L/m3、初始柠檬酸根浓度为1.5 mol/L、吸收液的初始pH值为5.0,脱硫效率稳定在99%左右。研究了水蒸气汽提法解吸SO2时初始柠檬酸根浓度、初始pH值、SO2浓度、富液流量和水蒸气流量对解吸效率的影响,得出了影响SO2解吸率的基本规律,并进行了分析。通过实验证明该方法在技术上是可行的,具有良好的应用前景。     

MnxCe1-xO2／γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其催化甲苯的燃烧性能

以γ-Al2O3为载体,以MnxCe1-xO2为催化活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型MnxCe1-xO2／γ-Al2O3催化剂（x=0、0．2、0．4、0．6、0．8、0．9、1）,在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化燃烧性能。结果表明,MnxCe1-xO2／γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性与催化剂的焙烧温度、活性组分MnxCe1-xO2的负载量以及Mn、Ce摩尔比有显著关系,其中焙烧温度550℃、负载量为20％、Mn、Ce摩尔比为4：1时,即MnxCe1-xO2／γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲苯的催化性能最佳,反应温度为180℃时,甲苯的转化率达到95％。并在连续100h的稳定性操作后,催化剂的活性基本无变化。采用XRD、BET以及SEM等分析测试手段对催化剂的结构以及表面进行了表征。     

地下水PRB原位生物修复中一种释氧材料的改进技术及效果分析

释氧材料经济有效的释氧是地下水原位生物修复的关键因素。实验通过在释氧材料中加入膨润土、磷酸二氢钾和硫酸铵等,改进释氧材料的性能。柱实验结果显示,该释氧材料释氧速率缓慢,释氧时间长,可以使溶液中DO长期保持在5 mg/L以上;另外,释氧材料中添加的缓冲剂及天然含水层介质对pH值有较好的缓冲作用,可以使pH值达到后续生物修复的要求。     

中国陆上油藏CO2封存潜力评估

CO2捕集与封存是减缓气候变化的一种关键的碳减排选择方案。将CO2注入油藏作为一种碳埋存方式引起广泛关注。作为判断某一国家、某一区域或某一具体储层是否适合CO2地质封存开展的重要依据之一,有必要在规划碳捕集与封存(CCS)项目前,对潜在的封存库进行封存潜力评估。本文在已有可公开的地质资料的基础上,评估了中国陆上216个油田实施CO2地质封存的潜力,并与相关研究结果进行了比较。结果表明:在满足埋存深度大于800 m的筛选条件下,当假设我国陆上油田全部用于CO2-EOR时,CO2封存潜力约3.6 Gt;当陆上油田全部视为废弃油藏处理时,CO2理论封存潜力约4.6 Gt。其中,东北和华北地区油藏封存CO2潜力巨大,占陆上油田CO2封存总量的60%以上;同时这里CO2集中排放源分布密集,排放源和封存地间的匹配性良好,可以减少CO2运输和封存成本。在这两个地区可以优先考虑实施油藏封存CO2项目。     

Green accounting and sustainability of the Peruvian metal mining sector

This paper estimates the true economic income of Peru’s metal mining sector for the period 1992–2006, using a model of green economic income based on Hamilton (2000). The total depletion of natural capital caused by metal mining is calculated by estimating, on the one hand, the depreciation of mining resources (using the Hotelling rent approach) and, on the other, the environmental degradation provoked by metal mining activities. The results show that the total loss of natural capital represents between 31% and 51% of the metal mining GDP and between 2% and 4.9% of Peru’s GDP. On the other hand, correcting the usual GDP measure produced by the traditional National Account System (NAS) for the total loss of natural capital caused by mining activities shows that the GDP traditional measure overestimated by 51–64% the true economic income generated by Peruvian's metal mining sector during the period 1992–2006. The importance of the generation, taxation, and disposition of mining economic rents for Peru’s sustainable development in the future is also discussed.     

The evolution of the Canadian mining industry: The role of regulatory punctuation

In this study, we analyze the evolution of Canada's mining industry from 1929 to 2006, focussing on the determinants of the number of firms in the industry and why this number changed over that period. Most empirical studies of industry evolution have focused on manufacturing industries that share similar structural characteristics. Perhaps because of this, extant models of industry evolution tend to ignore industry-specific and national-specific factors that can cause atypical trajectories, that is, heterogeneous industry evolution. Initial inspection of the Canadian mining industry shows that it is atypical in that it exhibits “negative skew” over time in the number of firms rather than the typical “positive skew.” We review two dominant theoretical approaches to industry evolution: the density-dependence theory and variants of industrial organization economics. We also consider possible sources of industry evolution heterogeneity, focussing particularly on “regulatory punctuation”. Using Canadian mining data, we find that the traditional models do not fully explain the changes in population size in Canada's mining industry. As a result, we introduce a number of hybrid models. The results from these hybrid models suggest that Canadian-specific regulatory punctuations, particularly the introduction of significant new taxes, environmental legislation, and incentives have shaped the trajectory of mining firm participation.     

中国2015年SO2排放总量宏观控制目标研究

1980年中国SO2排放量为1160万吨,2005年为2549万吨,伴随节能减排政策的实施和s02治理投资的增加,到2010年我国SO2排放量将降至2300万吨（削减10％）,仍位居世界第一位。在“十二五”期间,伴随人口、经济、能源的增长和发展模式的重大转变,我国2015年SO2排放总量面临微增长、不增长或减排的趋势。应用我国SO2减排宏观控制指标和模式预测了我国2015年SO2排放总量的4种图像或目标。提出了实现SO2排放总量削减10％目标的10条建议。     

NaClO_2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO_2和NO的热力学研究

利用化学热力学基本原理分别对NaClO2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO2、NO的反应过程中摩尔反应吉布斯自由能变、摩尔反应焓变、化学反应平衡常数以及化学反应达到平衡时的SO2和NO的分压力进行了计算,结果表明：利用NaClO2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO2、NO是可行的,且SO2和NO的脱除效率几乎可以达到100%。