多因素下小尺度油罐火火焰倾角的研究

以柴油为研究对象,搭建了小尺度油罐火实验台,采用理论分析与实验研究相结合的方法,开展了有风条件下不同液位深度和罐顶开口宽度的小尺度油罐火火焰倾角的实验研究。结果表明,火焰倾角随风速的增加先迅速增加,然后趋于平稳。在相同的罐顶开口宽度和风速条件下,火焰倾角随着液位深度的增加呈现出减小的趋势。这是因为火焰微元在油罐开口处的速度随着液位深度的增加而增加,风速对火焰倾角的影响显著减小。当风速和液位深度一定时,质量损失速率随罐顶开口宽度的增大而增大,火焰倾角随着罐顶开口宽度的增大逐渐减小。     

Fort McMurray and the Canadian Oil Sands: Local Coverage of National Importance

Understanding resource-based communities (RBCs) as potential casualties of Canada's economic proclivity towards resource extraction projects may help us to generate political support for these communities at both local and national scales. The media has a critical role to play in promoting the development of this type of political discourse. This study examines how traditional print media coverage affects Canadians' perceptions of the Athabasca oil sands. A quantitative media analysis examines scope and thematic content of articles appearing in major Canadian newspapers between 2003 and 2013. We find that most coverage concerning the Athabasca oil sands over this period appears predominantly in western Canadian newspapers, with coverage primarily focusing on specific events. We argue that this geographic disparity in coverage does not provide Canadians with the adequate coverage necessary to develop an informed opinion on what the implications of ongoing oil sands development are at both a local and a national scale.     

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of oil drilling mud system in Algerian arid area

The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impacts of the drilling mud system in Algeria's arid region. Water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM) are used during well drilling in Hassi Messaoud petroleum field, and have a considerable pollution potential particularly on the aquifer system which constitutes the single resource of drinking water in the Sahara. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is applied to evaluate the impacts of several drilling mud systems across all stages of their life cycle, e.g. use, treatment and disposal. Environmental impacts of five treatments scenarios corresponding to the drilling waste management applied in Hassi Messaoud are compared: reserve pit without treatment (burial option), secondary high centrifugation (vertical cuttings dryer), stabilisation/solidification online, stabilisation/solidification off line and thermal desorption. The impact assessment is carried on using the LCIA models of Impact 2002+ method in SIMAPRO7 software. This assessment identifies human toxicity and terrestrial eco-toxicity as the major impact categories in this specific arid context and quantifies the emissions contributions. The local environmental impact is the most important of the drilling mud life cycle and is mainly linked to emissions from reserve pits, treated cuttings, and drilling phase 16″ through the Turonian and Albian aquifer. The main contributing substances are aromatic hydrocarbons fraction and metals in particular barium, zinc, antimony, arsenic, and aluminium. Concerning the comparison of the treatment scenarios, it appears that stabilisation/solidification online is the best one; it has the lowest impact score in the two dominating categories because of the waste minimisation: mud storage avoided in the reserve pit. The second best scenario is the thermal desorption which obtains the lowest impact score in carcinogen effects due to hydrocarbons reduction (<1%) and avoided impacts of recovered oil. The toxic substances fate modeling will be improved by taking into account their site-specific impact.     

油类突发环境事件引起的思考

油类污染事故频有发生,造成的经济损失、生态环境的破坏、人体健康的危害不可低估。我国在2005～2009年5年中公开报导的油类突发污染事件共有95起,涉及到84个县市,其中77起是人为因素引起的,18起是企业违法造成的,污染到水系的有72起。文章就此阐述了油类突发污染事件对水环境、人类和植物造成的风险与危害,提出了相关的建议。只有政府、企业与公众3方负责,才能有效防范和化解突发事件对环境造成的破坏。     

我国石油炼制企业清洁生产措施分析

石油炼制工业是我国重要的能源和化工原料生产产业。随着生产负荷的提高，加工深度增加，原料变重变差，石油炼制工业的环境保护压力越来越大。针对石油炼制工业的生产特点，分析其污染源、污染治理现状以及目前存在的一些问题，提出了我国石油炼制企业的清洁生产措施。     

输油站队危害控制管理探讨

针对油气管道企业的实际生产运营特点,对风险管理的基本思路进行了探讨,就目前国内外常用危害因素的识别评判方法进行了归纳分析,给出了适合输油站队的风险控制的管理方法和措施。     

高效物化法处理炼油废水

采用斜板式隔油沉淀与两级混凝气浮组成的工艺处理炼油废水。隔油池中设置斜板提高了油与悬浮物的去除率，同时也提高了油的回收量。循环式刮油刮泥机可及时刮除浮油与沉泥。混凝使胶粒与乳化油粒脱稳、聚集，易被气浮法去除。两级气浮串联使气浮系统的去除效率高并运行稳定。     

浅谈油品储运过程中的主要环保问题与对策

简要介绍了油品储运过程，分析了油品储运过程中的主要环保问题，初步提出了解决油品储运中的环保问题应采取的措施。     

除油水力旋流器在九江石化厂的应用

除油水力旋流器是一种管道式油水分离设备 ,它具有体积小 ,无须特殊维护等特点。针对炼油装置的具体特点 ,提出了旋流器的配置流程 ,并结合在九江石化总厂的使用经验 ,验证了旋流器在炼油装置应用的可行性 ,同时提出了具体使用时应注意的问题。     

HL型旋流管的开发

论述了一种新型旋流器的开发过程，新型旋流器具有双进口、弧锥段体的结构特征，公称直径分别为１８ｍｍ、２８ｍｍ，通过对新型旋流器进行实验室测试，ＨＬ２８型平均分离效率在９０％以上，明显估于国际上正在采用的Ｔｈｅｗ型双锥体和Ａｍｍｃｏ型单锥体旋流器，ＨＬ１８型比ＨＬ２８型流器有更好的分离效果，突破了国际上通常认为旋流器的直径不能小于２８ｍｍ的说法，即提高了离心分离因数，又解决了油滴破碎问题，为以后的油水