清洁生产审核在石油开采行业的应用

通过对石油开采业生产工艺的调查，针对石油开采过程中电耗、能耗、物耗各种指标偏高的问题，采油过程中产生的大量污染物，大量的资源没有循环利用，开展清洁生产审核提出解决问题的技术措施，实现了节能、降耗、减污、增效的目的。     

油母页岩干馏煤气脱硫工艺的选择

针对页岩炼油厂生产工艺和二氧化硫的产生量，提出了煤气干法和湿法脱硫工艺，并对这两种工艺在原理和适用性方面进行了对比，认为湿法脱硫更适合于该厂的实际情况，经对湿法脱硫的投资费用进行的估算结果显示，该厂采用湿法脱硫技术将会带来明显的环境效益和社会效益。     

油田企业实施清洁生产审核工作的探讨

为了系统地、高效地开展好油田企业的清洁生产审核工作，针对石油行业的特点，结合清洁生产审核的基本要求，简要介绍清洁生产审核组织的建立、审核方法的运用、审核重点的把握等五个方面的内容。     

Emission factor estimation for oil and gas facilities

Fugitive emission rate quantification in an oil and gas facility is an important step of risk management. There are several studies conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and American Petroleum Institute (API) proposing methods of estimating emission rates and factors. Four major approaches of estimating these emissions, in the order of their accuracy, are: average emission factor approach, screening ranges emission factor approach, USEPA correlation equation approach, and unit-specific correlation equation approach. The focus of this study is to optimize the USEPA correlation equations to estimate the emission rate of different units in an oil and gas facility. In the developed methodology, the data available from USEPA (1995) is used to develop new sets of equations. A comparison between USEPA correlation equations and the proposed equations is performed to define the optimum sets of equations. It is observed that for pumps, flanges, open-ended lines, and others, the proposed developed equations provide a better estimation of emission rate, whereas for other sources, USEPA equations supply the better estimate of emission rate.     

From Forest Landscape to Agricultural Landscape in the Developing Tropical Country of Malaysia: Pattern,Process, and Their Significance on Policy

Agricultural expansion and deforestation are spatial processes of land transformation that impact on landscape pattern. In peninsular Malaysia, the conversion of forested areas into two major cash crops—rubber and oil palm plantations—has been identified as driving significant environmental change. To date, there has been insufficient literature studying the link between changes in landscape patterns and land-related development policies. Therefore, this paper examines: (i) the links between development policies and changes in land use/land cover and landscape pattern and (ii) the significance and implications of these links for future development policies. The objective is to generate insights on the changing process of land use/land cover and landscape pattern as a functional response to development policies and their consequences for environmental conditions. Over the last century, the development of cash crops has changed the country from one dominated by natural landscapes to one dominated by agricultural landscapes. But the last decade of the century saw urbanization beginning to impact significantly. This process aligned with the establishment of various development policies, from land development for agriculture between the mid 1950s and the 1970s to an emphasis on manufacturing from the 1980s onward. Based on a case study in Selangor, peninsular Malaysia, a model of landscape pattern change is presented. It contains three stages according to the relative importance of rubber (first stage: 1900–1950s), oil palm (second stage: 1960s–1970s), and urban (third stage: 1980s–1990s) development that influenced landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity. The environmental consequences of this change have been depicted through loss of biodiversity, geohazard incidences, and the spread of vector-borne diseases. The spatial ecological information can be useful to development policy formulation, allowing diagnosis of the country’s “health” and sustainability. The final section outlines the usefulness of landscape analysis in the policy-making process to prevent further fragmentation of the landscape and forest loss in Malaysia in the face of rapid economic development.

含硫污水油—水旋流分离技术研究

介绍了自行研究开发的适用于炼油含硫污水除油的新型旋流器 ,利用这种高效、节能的污水除油技术 ,油珠的最小分离粒径为 1 0 μm,平均除油效率为 66%。     

4·14淮河石油污染事件浅析

通过4.14淮河石油污染事故中环境监测的相关工作,折射出环境监测工作在环境污染事故中的重要地位,并由此次事故中总结出相关经验和不足,希望通过此次事故能够进一步加强环境监管工作,积极做好环境应急预案,并能够从更多方面给予环境监测工作支援和加强。     

Hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology framework to support sustainability performance assessment and reporting

The conception, design, and implementation of sustainable development strategies in an organization aims at meeting and balancing economic, social, and environmental needs of internal and external stakeholders. While the principles and fundamentals of sustainability assist during the conception and design phases, the implementation process of management strategies – impacted directly or indirectly by internal and external factors – may identify areas of competitive advantages or challenges that would impede the projects and organizations’ performance targets. An organization is not an isolated entity and its performance is often compared against others in the market arena; therefore, assessment tools, benchmarking processes, and reporting strategies become essential for the understanding of the efforts made towards the implementation of plan, policies, and programs at the organization and project levels. A framework for a hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology is proposed in this paper. The framework integrates the Rank Xerox benchmarking process and the Wa-Pa-Su project sustainability rating system assessment methodology. The proposed hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology encourages the diversification in the development and implementation of sustainable and environmental rating systems in industry contexts (e.g., oil and gas, mining, heavy industrial, and energy) and aims for the improvement of existing sustainability performance assessment and reporting practices. It also assists the quantitative assessment process of advances and/or setbacks in sustainability performance and the implementation of continuous performance improvement programs.     

河流泥沙吸附石油的实验研究

研究河流中的泥沙对石油的吸附和解吸规律对建立水质数学模型及水质预测预报具有重要意义，可为水域石油污染的治理提供依据。本文根据静态实验研究成果，建立了通用的吸附反应方程，在水槽中进行了均匀输沙吸附实验，并用解析解进行计算与动态实验结果进行比较，其结果较为理想。最后对河流底沙的吸附进行了初步探讨，分析了石油向底沙层扩散的过程。     

基于遥感的海洋溢油监测方法

石油及其产品大量进入海洋将对生态和经济产生严重危害。现代遥感技术可实时获取溢油相关信息,在溢油应急响应中扮演着重要的角色。文章以遥感平台及手段为切入点,介绍和分析遥感溢油监测现状,在遥感溢油监测向着多平台、多传感器、多源数据综合观测的方向发展的前提下,除依靠传统遥感(可见光/近红外,微波)外,需加强紫外遥感溢油监测研究,并注重高光谱和偏振溢油遥感。