地面水中石油类样品所用油标的选择

本文将气相色谱法与紫外分光光度法相结合,提出地面水中石油类项目测定所用油标的选择方法,并用０＃柴油代替大港原油作油标,进行水样测定,结果与实际状况较为相符。     

4·14淮河石油污染事件浅析

通过4.14淮河石油污染事故中环境监测的相关工作,折射出环境监测工作在环境污染事故中的重要地位,并由此次事故中总结出相关经验和不足,希望通过此次事故能够进一步加强环境监管工作,积极做好环境应急预案,并能够从更多方面给予环境监测工作支援和加强。     

然乌湖流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素

为研究然乌湖流域地表水水化学特征及离子来源,在然乌湖流域采集了地表水样品和雨水样品,综合利用相关性分析、Piper三线图和Gibbs模型等方法,分析了该区地表水主要离子特征及其控制因素,揭示了该区地表水水中的主要物质来源.结果表明,然乌湖流域地表水pH为7.54～8.48,呈弱碱性,并具有较低的溶解性总固体(59.89～96.75 mg·L^-1),阳离子主要以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,Ca²⁺当量浓度占阳离子总量的63.3%～76.2%,均值为67.2%, Mg²⁺当量浓度占阳离子总量的23.4%～36.2%,均值为31.4%, Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺约占阳离子总量的98.5%.阴离子以HCO^-₃为主, HCO^-₃占阴离子总量的74.31%～84.29%,均值为78.21%, SO₄^2-占阴离子总量的9.59%...     

Physiological and biochemical characteristic of Miscanthus × giganteus grown in heavy metal – oil sludge co-contaminated soil

The effect of oil sludge and zinc, present in soil both separately and as a mixture on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Miscanthus × giganteus plant was examined in a pot experiment. The opposite effect of pollutants on the accumulation of plant biomass was established: in comparison with uncontaminated control the oil sludge increased, and Zn reduced the root and shoot biomass. Oil sludge had an inhibitory effect on the plant photosynthetic apparatus, which intensified in the presence of Zn. The specific antioxidant response of M. × giganteus to the presence of both pollutants was a marked increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (mostly owing to oil sludge) and glutathione-S-transferase (mostly owing to zinc) in the shoots. The participation of glutathione-S-transferase in the detoxification of both the organic and the inorganic pollutants was assumed. Zn inhibited the activity of laccase-like oxidase, whereas oil sludge promoted laccase and ascorbate oxidase activities. This finding suggests that these enzymes play a part in the oxidative detoxification of the organic pollutаnt. With both pollutants used jointly, Zn accumulation in the roots increased 6-fold, leading to increase in the efficiency of soil clean-up from the metal. In turn, Zn did not significantly affect the soil clean-up from oil sludge. This study shows for the first time the effect of co-contamination of soil with oil sludge and Zn on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the bioenergetic plant M. × giganteus. The data obtained are important for understanding the mechanisms of phytoremediation with this plant.     

油气矿基于EPTMC模型实现建设项目环保三同时精细化管理建议探讨

环保三同时管理贯穿于油气田建设项目论证前期、施工期、运行期等整个过程,克服建设项目时间紧、任务重,快建快投等困难,同时要做好项目全过程环境保护管理,尤为重要。本文结合环境保护相关法律法规和建设项目三同时管理相关要求,结合气矿实际情况,为实现建设项目环保三同时精细化管理,通过实践验证,总结提出EPTMC管理模型建议。     

Performance evaluation method of oil and gas pipeline integrity management

The performance evaluation of integrity management has become the focus of attention because integrity management has become widely accepted by pipeline operators. This paper proposes a three-index system of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation (TISPIMPE), which includes system construction, implementation process, and pipeline health status, comprehensively evaluating the status, adequacy, and effectiveness of integrity management. It helps the pipeline operators to determine the weakness in each step. Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the different backgrounds of experts are fully considered, and experts' opinions are revised. The adjustment coefficient of performance evaluation is set up simultaneously, and the evaluation results are adjusted to make the results more reasonable. Taking the performance evaluation of pipeline integrity management of an oil and gas company as an example, it is shown that TISPIMPE has reasonable practicability and can accurately reflect the shortcomings of pipeline integrity management. TISPIMPE can effectively help pipeline managers comprehensively and systematically evaluate the performance of pipeline integrity management and gain an in-depth understanding of pipeline operation status.     

喷射诱导气浮用于废水脱油的动力学研究

喷射诱导气浮应用于污水脱油前景广阔。建立了数学模型，进行了单级间歇模拟实验，测定了脱油动力学常数及极限脱油浓度。验证了脱油动力学方程，利用实验结果，得到了用以计算多模型中参数的关联式。所提出的数学模型为建立设计计算和药剂评价方法提供了依据。     

镁同位素示踪大陆风化：进展与挑战

大陆风化制约着地表物质循环及其从陆地向湖泊/海洋的迁移,并通过消耗大气CO2调节不同时间尺度的全球碳循环和气候变化,因此如何有效示踪大陆风化是地球表生过程研究的重要科学问题之一。镁（Mg）无化合价变化,不涉及氧化还原作用,主要赋存于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩中,并且在表生地质过程中Mg同位素通常会发生显著的同位素分馏,这些优势赋予Mg同位素体系具备示踪大陆风化的广阔潜力。随着质谱技术的不断提高,高精度Mg同位素分析技术经历了快速且成熟的发展,并在示踪大陆风化作用研究中得到了广泛的应用。然而,风化体系中Mg的来源和同位素分馏的制约要素争议颇多,尚未达成共识。本文从Mg的储库、风化壳、流域体系、室内实验和模型模拟等方面综述了目前Mg同位素示踪大陆风化的研究进展与存在的挑战。最后指出,在示踪大陆风化方面,Mg同位素提供了独特的视角,建议细化岩石/矿物溶解及形成实验、大小流域相结合、加强多同位素体系联用并相互补充与验证,以及加强计算模型模拟,以此来约束Mg同位素示踪大陆风化的不确定性。     

塔吉克斯坦黄土矿物与稀土元素组成特征

：黄土矿物和地球化学组成是研究黄土来源和成因的重要手段。利用X 射线衍射（XRD） 和电感耦合等离子体质谱技术（ICP-MS）对亚洲内陆塔吉克斯坦共和国的黄土分别进行了矿物 组成和稀土元素（REE）特征分析,并与黄土高原和新疆伊犁黄土进行了对比。研究结果表明： XRD 鉴定出塔吉克斯坦黄土有10 多种矿物,以石英为主,其次为长石、方解石,还有少量绿泥 石、云母类、白云石等,偶见多种重矿物,其矿物组成与黄土高原和新疆伊犁黄土类似,但石英、 方解石的含量较低,角闪石含量介于黄土高原与伊犁黄土之间,反映近源弱风化的环境。稀土 元素总含量（ΣREE）变化于130.61 ~ 205.62 μg?g^-1,平均值为158.81 μg?g^-1,明显低于黄土高原 黄土和新疆黄土,但黄土与古土壤的REE 特征参数及配分模式具有很好的相似性,说明两者具 有类似的风成成因。塔吉克斯坦黄土不同时代的矿物成分和REE特征参数、配分模式与黄土高原、 新疆黄土接近,显示出其经过搬运后的高度混合性特征,亦指示其为风成成因,而含量的细微 差异则主要反映了区域地质背景和源区的不同。