Rice mill waste as organic manure on a degraded Alfisol

In much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the lack of organic soil amendments constitutes one of the principal causes for declining soil fertility in intensifying farming systems. The challenge, therefore, remains to increase the availability of organic inputs and to develop recommendations for their combination with inorganic fertilizers. An on-farm experiment was conducted in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the fertilizer effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mill waste (RMW) on a degraded Alfisol. The decomposition and nutrient (N and P) release patterns of RMW were studied using the litterbag technique, and the effect on maize yield and soil properties was determined. The RMW was applied at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg DM ha⁻¹ and was applied either unburnt or burnt (farmers’ practice). In both years, compound fertilizer was broadcast during land preparation on all plots at rates of 40 kg N ha⁻¹, 17 kg P ha⁻¹, and 33 kg K ha⁻¹.Results obtained in the litterbag study showed that, at maize harvest, more than 90% of the P had been released from the decomposing RMW. However, around 60% of the organic C and 45% of the N still remained. Compared to the control treatment (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW), which yielded 0.55 Mg ha⁻¹, maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields were increased by 95% when 10 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW was applied, and by 147% with 15 Mg ha⁻¹ (mean of 2 years). In contrast, burnt RMW did not result in significant yield increases. The cumulative application of 30 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW significantly increased the soil organic carbon in the surface soil from 0.7% (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW) to 1.3%.The results of this investigation indicate that RMW constitutes a valuable organic input in the Guinea savanna if applied unburnt at rates of 10–15 Mg ha⁻¹ in combination with inorganic fertilizer. The repeated application of unburnt RMW may contribute to the rehabilitation of degraded soils through the buildup of soil organic matter.     

福州市农作物秸秆资源化处理发展趋势

论述了福州市农作物秸秆的现状及其资源化利用必要性、可行性和实用性。     

腐殖酸存在对改善GDX—102树脂吸附富集性能研究

选用ＧＤＸ－１０２树脂其对水中小分子有机物和腐殖酸共同存在时的吸附集集作用，发现当有ＨＡ存在时，树脂对小分子有机物的吸附率显著增加，且是可逆的，先后用ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２和ＮＨ３；乙醇进行分级洗脱，得到满意的洗脱回收率。     

Atmospheric Particle Hygroscopicity and the Influence by Oxidation State of Organic Aerosols in Urban Beijing

A hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA) was used to observe the size-resolved hygroscopic characteristics of submicron particles in January and April 2018 in urban Beijing. The probability distribution of the hygroscopic growth factor (HGF-PDF) in winter and spring usually showed a bimodal pattern, with more hygroscopic mode (MH) being more dominant. The seasonal variation in particle hygroscopicity was related to the origin of air mass, which received polluted southerly air masses in spring and clean northwesterly air masses in winter. Particles showed stronger hygroscopic behaviour during heavy pollution episodes (HPEs) with elevated concentrations of secondary aerosols, especially higher mass fraction of nitrate, which were indicated using the PM_2.5 (particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µm) mass concentration normalised by CO mass concentration. The hygroscopic parameter (κ) values were calculated using H-TDMA (κ_htdma) and chemical composition (κ_chem). The closure study showed that κ_chem was overestimated in winter afternoon when compared with κ_htdma, because the organic particle hygroscopic parameter (κ_org) was overestimated in the calculations. It was influenced by the presence of a high concentration of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) with a weak water uptake ability. A positive relationship was observed between κ_org and the ratio of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and HOA, thereby indicating that the strong oxidation state enhanced the hygroscopicity of the particles. This study revealed the effect of local emission sources and secondary aerosol formation processes on particle hygroscopicity, which is of great significance for understanding the pollution formation mechanism in the North China Plain.     

Removal of organic contaminants from water or wastewater with liquefied gases

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高效含氯有机化合物降解工程菌的构建研究

采用原生质体融合技术，将两株具有含氯有机化合物降解特性的菌－-1T和RB－1融合构建成一株高效降解含氯有机化合物工程菌。实验得出：当溶菌酶浓度为1.5mg/ml，酶解60min时，假单胞菌和诺卡氏菌的原生质体形成率分别为33.3%和44.4%；在30％PEG6000助融下10min二者的融合率为0.3%。应用于造纸漂白废水，融合菌去除CODCr和TCL的能力 比混合菌分别提高了72.05%和190%.     

非均相光催化氧化研究进展

光催化氧化技术是一种新兴的高效节能现代水处理技术,本文从半导体光催化氧化的机制,各类污染物光催化降解的现状,光催化剂活性的研究现状,固定相光催化氧的进展,光催化氧化技术发展中存在问题等方面进行综述     

含氮有机物深度氧化催化剂：PCN—1型性能的研究

考察了PCN—1型催化剂对N.N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、正丁胺、环己胺,苯胺、硝基苯、丙酮、甲苯等有机物完全氧化的活性,检测了DMF、正丁胺在不同温度下氧化分解产生的NOx含量。实验结果表明,PCN—1型催化剂对DMF、正丁胺、丙酮的氧化活性较高,而且能抑制DMF、正丁胺氧化过程NOx的形成在空速5000～15000h~1,DMF、正丁胺浓度分别在3000～5000mg/m~3、2000～3000mg/m~3时,T_(98)≤300℃,在完全氧化温度以上,100℃以下时,NOx控制率≥90％该催化剂主要应用于含有机胺及酮类的工业废气的净化     

水源水中有机污染物的研究

应用ＧＣ和ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对北江潭洲水道水体中的有机物进行了初步的研究，共检出半挥发性和非挥发性有机污染物１８３种，其类别有烷烃，烯烃，芳烃，酚类，醇类，酮类，酯类，酸类和其它一些杂环化合物，研究结果表明北江潭洲水道水体受到了石油类，生活污水，塑料增塑剂和工厂排放污水等的污染。     

超声降解水体中有机污染物技术综述

超声降解水体中有机污染物技术正受到越来越多的关注。文章综合介绍了该技术的国内外研究现状，包括超声空化机理，声化学反应器类型，有机物降解效果的超声降解工艺。