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131.
Variability of dust iron solubility in atmospheric waters: Investigation of the role of oxalate organic complexation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. Paris K.V. Desboeufs E. Journet 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6510-6517
Atmospheric dust deposition is a major external iron source for remote surface ocean waters. Organic complexation is known to play a role in the dissolution of iron-containing minerals. In this paper, we present our study on the effect of oxalate on dust iron solubility in simulated rainwater. Our results reveal that the solubility of iron carried by analogs of different African dusts varies with the dust source. Our experiments indicate a positive linear correlation between iron solubility and oxalate concentration. Soluble iron (SFe) increases from 0.0025(±0.0005)% to 0.26(±0.01)% of total iron, considering all dust sources and with oxalate concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 μM. These results show that the observed variability of iron solubility in aerosols collected over the Atlantic Ocean is, at least partly, due to an increase in dust iron solubility, with the presence of oxalate complexation, rather than to the presence of more soluble anthropogenic iron. Considering the mineralogical composition of those particles, experiments with pure minerals (hematite, goethite and illite) were performed to study the dissolution process. We found that oxalate promotes the solubility of iron contained in clay and hence confirmed that more than 95% of SFe from soil dust is provided by clay (illite). This experimental work enables us to establish a parameterization of iron solubility in dust as a function of oxalate concentration and based on the individual iron solubility of pure iron-bearing minerals usually present in dust particles. Finally, our results emphasize that oxalate contributes to iron solubility on the same order of magnitude as the acid processes. Organic complexation appears to be a process that increases iron solubility and likely enhances the bioavailability of iron from dust. 相似文献
132.
133.
Surface sediments of the lagoons of Lomé, Togo, were analyzed for mercury, methylmercury, and trace elements. Concentrations
were greater than typical for natural lagoon sediments, and with greater variability within the Eastern lagoon compared to
the Western one. The Eastern lagoon is larger and has been dredged in the past, while the Western lagoon, which also receives
major waste inputs, has not been dredged and shows less tidal flushing. Accordingly, one naturally believes that the Eastern
lagoon is cleaner and probably safe to use due to its natural resources, including fishes to eat. Unexpectedly, we describe
here that mercury methylation was greater in the Eastern lagoon, indicating increased bioavailability of mercury, as probably
facilitated by past dredging that decreased solid-phase retention of inorganic mercury. Urbanization has historically been
more developed in the southern part of the lagoons, which is still reflected in contamination levels of sediment despite dredging,
probably because sources of contamination are still more important there today. Such urban contamination emphasizes the need
to regulate waste discharges and possible airborne contamination in growing cities of developing countries, and implements
environmental and public health monitoring, especially in relation to misbelieves systematically associated with the cleansing
effect of dredging activity. 相似文献
134.
聚合硫酸铁对几种有机废水的处理效果初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较了聚合硫酸铁对五种有机废水的处理效果,并探讨了聚铁对不同分子量有机物模拟废水的CODcr去除率与废水有机物分子量之间的关系.结果表明:聚铁对有机废水CODcr去除率随废水主成分的分子量上升而呈上升趋势,废水有机成分分子量在300~400以上时,聚铁处理有机废水效果较好. 相似文献
135.
阐明了金属涂料生产中挥发性有机物(VOC)的危害性,介绍了一种工程造价低,处理效果较好的治理方法,供投资生产金属涂料的生产者参考。 相似文献
136.
137.
海水鱼类网箱养殖的环境效应及多营养层次的综合养殖 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
海水鱼类网箱养殖是世界主要渔业国家(如挪威、日本等)广泛开展的一种高密度、集约化的养鱼方式,这种养殖方式在给广大从业者带来巨大经济、社会效益的同时,对环境也造成了不可忽视的负面影响。开展多营养层次的综合养殖(IMTA)是缓解这一环境压力的有效途径,鱼类养殖过程中释放出的二氧化碳、氮、磷等物质,由无机提取单元(大型藻类)来吸收,粪便和残饵等微小颗粒则成为有机提取单元(滤食性贝类)的饵料,较大的颗粒物质沉到海底后,可以为腐食性单元(海参等)提供食物,通过这种养殖模式,最大限度地实现系统内营养物质的高效利用,在减轻养殖对环境压力的同时,使系统具有较高的容纳量和食物产出能力。 相似文献
138.
139.
Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure (OM), half organic manure plus half fertilizer N (HOM), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer PK (NK) and control (CK) since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions (25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS), but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions (35℃ and 90% WFPS). N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil. 相似文献
140.
研究稻菜轮作模式下土壤甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2 O)排放对不同施肥措施的响应,对补充我国热带地区CH4和N2 O排放研究的不足具有重要的指导意义.在辣椒季设置4种施肥处理:磷钾肥(PK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、等氮条件下50%有机肥替代化肥(NPK+M)和100%有机肥替代(M),水稻种植季未设置施肥处理,研究辣椒季不同施肥条件下CH4和N2 O的排放规律以及对早稻生长季水稻产量、CH4和N2 O排放的后续影响.采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定稻菜轮作土壤CH4和N2 O,同时测定作物产量,并估算全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明:①辣椒季和早稻季4种施肥处理下土壤CH4的累积排放量分别为0.9~2.7 kg ·hm-2和5.5~8.4 kg ·hm-2,与NPK处理相比,辣椒季NPK+M和M处理CH4累积排放量分别减少35.3%和7.6%;而早稻季NPK+M和M处理CH4累积排放量均增加37.5%和55.1%,其中早稻季M处理达到显著水平.②辣椒季和早稻季4种施肥处理下N2 O的累积排放量分别为0.5~3.0 kg ·hm-2和0.3~0.5 kg ·hm-2,相对NPK处理,辣椒季NPK+M和M处理降低33.7%和16.0%的N2 O累积排放量,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异,早稻季NPK+M处理N2 O累积排放量降低23.5%,M处理却增加9.1%,但均未达到显著水平.③ 4种施肥处理下辣椒和早稻的产量分别为3055.6~37722.5 kg ·hm-2和5850.9~6994.4 kg ·hm-2,与NPK处理相比,NPK+M和M处理显著增加辣椒产量.各施肥处理GWP为508.0~1864.4 kg ·hm-2,NPK+M和M处理相对NPK处理分别下降25.7%和5.7%,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异.辣椒季各处理的GWP对总GWP的贡献率为69.2%~78.1%,N2 O对总GWP的贡献率为77.3%~85.3%.辣椒季和早稻季GHGI分别为0.03~0.09 kg ·kg-1和0.04~0.24 kg ·kg-1,与NPK处理相比,辣椒季M和NPK+M处理使GHGI显著下降71.5%和54.7%,早稻季NPK+M和M处理GHGI值分别下降44.0%和20.8%,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异.综合作物产量及温室气体减排效果考虑,化肥和有机肥配施(NPK+M)可推荐为海南稻菜轮作模式下一种最优的减排稳产的施肥措施. 相似文献