Phosphorus loss from different farming systems estimated from soil surface phosphorus balance

The phosphorus load originating from crop production and animal husbandry is a major contributor to the eutrophication of lakes, rivers and coastal waters. The P losses to surface waters may, however, differ drastically due to the diversity of agricultural production systems practised under contrasting environmental conditions. To assess the most problematic types of agriculture, we need information on the P load from different alternative farming practices. Such information cannot, however, be obtained solely from field runoff experiments, as the number of treatment combinations required to account for all relevant farming systems and environmental conditions far exceeds our research capabilities. To facilitate the comparison of P loads, we therefore need reasonably simple models. A key factor controlling the P load from agriculture is the past and present use of nutrients in fertilizers and manure in relation to a crop's uptake, i.e. the soil-surface balance of P. Here, we present a simple empirical model that relates the P surplus (or deficit) in a farm to the edge-of-field losses of algal-available P. Based on long-term fertilizer trials, the model first estimates the change in soil-test P of top soil with the aid of the soil-surface balance of P. Soil-test P is then used to approximate the concentration of dissolved reactive P in surface runoff and drainage flow, as adjusted for different P application types. The loss of particulate P is obtained from typical erosion rates. The model can be applied in life-cycle analyses and in assessing future developments. We illustrate use of the model by calculating the loss of algal-available P from conventional and organic crop and dairy farms located on clay and fine sand soils.     

有机农业生产中杂草综合防治方法探讨

分析杂草的特征，阐述有机农业对待杂草的观念，并提出有机生产中杂草综合防治的方法。     

石化生产中有机废物的微生物降解

论述了特种微生物对石化废水的生物降解机理及有机污水的生物治理 ,对生物治理有机废物的前景进行了展望。     

化工厂、制药厂、焦化厂废水中有机污染物组成分析

对太原地区的化工厂、制药厂、焦化厂排放废水中有机污染物进行了系统检测。在太原化工厂排放废水中检测出21种有机污染物,苯酚、氯苯占排放量的32.1％;在制药厂废水中检测出23种有机污染物,氯苯、硝基乙苯占排放量的53.2％;在焦化厂排放废水中检测出43种有机污染物,11种多环芳烃占排放量的57.0％,7种酚类占排放量的21.9％。     

活性污泥法处理有机磷农药废水

有机磷农药废水一般均采用预处理、生化等工艺相结合的处理方法，以使处理后的废水能够达标排放。在此．对生化处理采用推流折流鼓风曝气活性污泥法处理有机磷农药废水的工艺流程，及其参数和费用进行了分析。     

湿式催化氧化法处理工业废水

介绍了有机废水催化氧化处理的进展情况及科研成果。     

Anaerobic digestion for waste water poultry manure by UBF reactor

ＡｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｐｏｕｌｔｒｙｍａｎｕｒｅｂｙＵＢＦｒｅａｃｔｏｒＧｈａｎｅｍＩ．Ｉ．ＩｂｒａｈｉｍＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒ...     

松花江水质有机毒物生态污染防治

松花江是中国有机污染危害严重的河流之一.松花江的主要环境问题是有机毒物造成的生态污染危害.松花江的环境污染特征是有机污染冰封期加重和点源污染突出.根据松花江的污染危害及特征提出了污染防治措施.     

长江下游某开发区的优先控制有机毒物研究

参考国内外有关优先控制污染物的筛选方法,以长江下游(江苏段)某开发区为例,通过污染源现状调查和水环境现状监测,提出了针对性的优先控制有机毒物筛选方法,并在该开发区进行应用,同时对区域有机毒物控制方案进行了建议。     

剩余污泥处理新工艺

研究了剩余有机污泥处理新工艺，将剩作污泥进行酸化水解后回到废水处理系统一起代谢，基本达到无污泥排放。该工艺适合于染整废水、乳品厂废水处理站等有机污泥处置，特别适用于泥难以脱水的如锦纶厂废水处理站的剩余污泥处理。