聚合硫酸铁对几种有机废水的处理效果初探

比较了聚合硫酸铁对五种有机废水的处理效果，并探讨了聚铁对不同分子量有机物模拟废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率与废水有机物分子量之间的关系．结果表明：聚铁对有机废水ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率随废水主成分的分子量上升而呈上升趋势，废水有机成分分子量在３００～４００以上时，聚铁处理有机废水效果较好．     

4—氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及其影响因素

本试验采用P－25TiO2，光催化剂，对4－氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及污染物初始浓度，催化剂投加量和入射光强等因素的影响进行了研究，研究发现污染物初始降解速率与其初始浓度的关系遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood模式，其中半饱和浓度常数Ks不仅是催化剂和污染物种类的函数，而且也是入射光强的函数，催化剂投加量存在一限值，当低于此限值时，污染物降解速率由于催化剂浓度的不足受到影响而下降，当高于此限值时，污染物降解速率受催化剂投加量的影响变小，在本试验4－CBA－Na浓度为0.15-0.6mmol／L时该催化剂限值浓度大约为0.4g/L，在入射光强为1-7mW/cm^2和催化剂浓度为0.4g／L下，污染物降解速率与光强成0.67次幂关系，经估算其量子效率为6．3％。     

不同品牌香烟烟雾中有机成分的分析

采用气－质联用技术（GC－MS）分析了我国市场上常见的近20种香烟烟雾中有机成分，为评价吸烟对人体健康的危害性提供资料，分析结果表明，这些香烟中，含有苯类衍生物，杂环类化合物及多环化合物等，从36种到131种不等，绝大多数有害人体健康。     

酞酸酯对人与环境的危害

酞酸酯是一种增塑剂，随着时间的推移，可由塑料中转移到外环境，现已成为地球上最为广泛存在的环境污染物。该文较系统地介绍了酞酸酯的理化性质，毒性和致癌作用，以及其对环境的影响，环境行为，动物的吸收，分布、代谢和排泄等等，最后还对酞酸酯的有关毒性评价作了部分介绍。     

Influence of no-tillage on the distribution and lability of phosphorus in Finnish clay soils

No-tillage (NT) is a method adopted to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (P) load from arable land to watercourses. However, it has been found to increase the loss of dissolved P with surface runoff, but the reasons for that have rarely been examined in detail. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical factors explaining this response by investigating the impact of NT on the type and distribution of P reserves as well as on organic carbon (C) in the 0–35 cm topsoil layer of clay soil profiles (Vertic Cambisols). Soil samples were taken from two experimental fields (Jokioinen and Aurajoki) at 0–5, 5–20 and 20–35 cm depths in conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 4–5 years) plots. The plots had been cultivated and fertilized according to the common field practices in Finland (15–18 kg P and 100–128 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹).Inorganic and organic P reserves characterized by a modified Chang and Jackson fractionation procedure were not significantly affected by the cultivation methods. However, in the uppermost soil layer (0–5 cm) in NT of the Jokioinen field, the labile P determined by water extraction (P_w) increased significantly, whereas the increase in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate (P_AAC) remained statistically insignificant. The increase in labile P coincided with a significant increase in organic carbon (C), which supports the theory that competition between organic anions and phosphate for the same sorption sites on oxide surfaces will enhance the lability of soil P. In the Aurajoki field with distinct soil cracking, P_w and P_AAC were not affected by NT in the uppermost soil layer, but they increased in the deepest soil layer (20–35 cm) concomitantly with an increase in Al-bound P and organic C. However, the increases were not statistically significant. In both fields, soil acidification due to the repeated application of N fertilizers at a shallow soil depth as well as the accumulation of organic C lowered pH of the uppermost soil layer in NT compared to the deeper soil layers. The results indicated that even short-term NT can increase the labile P in clay soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in lability of surface soil P and, consequently, the possible need for readjustment of the fertilization level in NT.     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

洗涤剂磷对日本三角涡虫生长的影响

观察了含磷量不同的洗衣粉溶液对日本三角涡虫生长的影响。结果表明:无论洗衣粉含磷量高低对日本三角涡虫生长均有毒害影响,且高磷洗衣粉对涡虫的毒害远大于低磷洗衣粉,磷量的增加与涡虫死亡率呈正相关。实验中,自来水对照组对涡虫生长无影响。     

全国土壤侵蚀量估算及其在吸附态氮磷流失量匡算中的应用

应用土壤流失方程(USLE),根据我国土壤水力侵蚀分类分级标准,建立了大尺度区域土壤侵蚀量的估算模型;基于GIS技术平台,利用土壤普查数据,构建了全国表层土壤氮磷含量数据库,完成了2000年全国境内水土流失影响下吸附态氮磷的流失量估算.经数据合理性分析验证后得出以下结论:(1)全国因水土流失引发的吸附态氮素和磷素的流失总量分别达到104.22×104t和34.65×104t;(2)长江、珠江和黄河三大流域的吸附态氮、磷流失量之和分别占全国总量的83%和89%,单位面积(1km2)吸附态氮、磷的流失量分别介于6.0×10-4～0.53t和2.1×10-4～0.13t之间;(3)吸附态氮的重点流失区主要分布在长江中上游水土易蚀区、黄河中游沟壑区、西辽河上游区、珠江流域红水河、西江等上游区以及怒江、澜沧江下游区.     

稀土吸附剂对废水深度除磷研究

通过浸渍——干燥——焙烧法制备预载镧氧化物稀土吸附剂，探讨了该吸附剂对水中磷的吸附性能。研究表明在镧离子浓度为0．025mol／1、pH为10-11的溶液中浸渍，于500℃温度下焙烧制得的稀土吸附剂，其除磷效果可达95％。     

PW—W膜分离式活性污泥法处理中小规模高浓度有机废水

阐述ＰＷ－Ｗ膜分离式活性污泥法处理高浓度有机废水的原理、工艺流程及特点。处理系统集生化处理功能和固液分离于一体，对高浓度有机废水的处理取得了良好的效果，且剩余污泥量少，处理水质稳定，维护管理方便，运行费用低。