生活饮用水深度处理工程设计的新发展

介绍了臭氧生物活性炭生活饮用水深度处理装置的工程设计特点，论述了当今对臭氧生物活性炭处理工艺原理和发展的认识，并结合本工程情况对臭氧系统的优化设计和系统的控制特点做了简单说明。     

新型铅合金电极用于电解法制备臭氧的研究

探讨了Pb、Pb-0.5％Sn、Pb-0.8％Sn、Pb-1.78%Sn、Pb-1.35%Sn-0.049?、Pb-0.8％Sn-0.1％Ca-0.1％Ce铅合金电极的电化学性能、耐腐蚀性能和电解产生臭氧的产率，及铅合金电极在不同电流强度条件下电解产生臭氧的最佳条件。实验结果表明：掺杂了Sn，Ce等金属能提高铅合金电极的析氧电位和臭氧产率，其中当以PB-0.8％Sn-0.1％Ca-0.1％Ce合金电极为阳极，铂电极为阴极。饱和硫酸钾溶液为电解液，电流强度为7.5mA时，臭氧产率最高达到19％。     

臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的初步研究

对石油类污染物严重污染的某市水源地下水进行了臭氧净化技术的静态试验研究，通过臭氧对石油类污染物的氧化作用，结合紫外分光光度法测定油的吸收峰曲线和色－质联机结果的分析，初步研究了臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的过程和途径。     

臭氧氧化含油地下水实验研究

根据淄博市受石油污染的地下水的水化学类型确定单纯臭氧氧化方法，并利用现场动态实验确定臭氧化除油的最佳臭氧投加量８．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，实验表明在最佳运行状况下，臭氧化对地下水中油类物质的去除率参达到５９．０％左右。同时采用色－质联机方法，分析了臭氧化单元进出不中有机物质组分的变化，有机物种类由进水的２５种减少为出水的１７种，并有易生物降解的中间产物积累，为后续生物活性炭处理工艺提供条件。     

外秦淮河生态护坡挺水植物适应性试验研究

针对外秦淮河的污染状况，采用挺水植物菖蒲和狭叶香蒲进行试验，对外秦淮河的污染水质进行净化；同时进行两种挺水植物在外秦淮河当前水质下的耐淹没性试验。通过试验研究得出，在深秋季节，虽然菖蒲和狭叶香蒲两种植物已经处于生长周期的最后阶段，但是对外秦淮河污染水质仍然有较好的净化效果，对TP、TN、氨氮等的去除率能达到80％以上，对CODMn的去除率偏低。而且通过净化和耐淹试验中两种植物的对比．菖蒲比狭叶香蒲更能适应外秦淮河的水质状况。     

黄磷诱发的臭氧与紫外光联合处理有机废水研究

主要通过对制药废水、毛纺厂废水和模拟邻氯苯酚废水进行POZONE和POZONE／UV法处理的研究，详细地考察了POZONE与POZONE／UV法处理废水的效果，特别是废水生化需氧量／化学需氧量(B／C)的变化。结果表明，POZONE法能在10min内将制药废水的CODCr去除35.6％，POZONE／UV法可以提高邻氯苯酚废水的B／C近3倍，POZONE／UV法处理毛纺废水的效果要优于POZONE法。     

Photochemical production of ozone and control strategy for Southern Taiwan

An observation-based method (OBM) is developed to evaluate the ozone (O₃) production efficiency (O₃ molecules produced per NO_x molecule consumed) and O₃ production rate (P(O₃)) during a field campaign in southern Taiwan. The method can also provide an estimate of the concentration of OH. A key step in the method is to use observed concentrations of two aromatic hydrocarbons, namely ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene, to estimate the degree of photochemical processing and amounts of photochemically consumed NO_x and NMHCs by OH. In addition, total oxidant (O₃+NO₂) instead of O₃ itself turns out to be very useful for representing ozone production in the OBM approach. The average O₃ production efficiency during the field campaign in Fall (2003) is found to be about 10.2±3.9. The relationship of P(O₃) with NO_x is examined and compared with a one-dimensional (1D) photochemical model. Values of P(O₃) derived from the OBM are slightly lower than those calculated in the 1D model. However, OH concentrations estimated by the OBM are about a factor of 2 lower than the 1D model. Fresh emissions, which affect the degree of photochemical processing appear to be a major cause of the underestimate. We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) OBM O₃ production diagram that resembles the EKMA ozone isopleth diagram to study the relationship of the total oxidant versus O₃ precursors. The 3D OBM O₃ production diagram suggests that reducing emissions of NMHCs are more effective in controlling O₃ than reducing NO_x. However, significant uncertainties remain in the OBM, and considerable more work is required to minimize these uncertainties before a definitive control strategy can be reached. The observation-based approach provides a good alternative to measuring peroxy radicals for evaluating the production of O₃ and formulating O₃ control strategy in urban and suburban environments.     

The effect of variability in industrial emissions on ozone formation in Houston, Texas

Ambient observations have indicated that high concentrations of ozone observed in the Houston/Galveston area are associated with plumes of highly reactive hydrocarbons, mixed with NO_x, from industrial facilities. Ambient observations and industrial process data, such as mass flow rates for industrial flares, indicate that the VOCs associated with these industrial emissions can have significant temporal variability. To characterize the effect of this variability in emissions on ozone formation in Houston, data were collected on the temporal variability of industrial emissions or emission surrogates (e.g., mass flow rates to flares). The observed emissions variability was then used to construct regionwide emission inventories with variable industrial emissions, and the impacts of the variability on ozone formation were examined for two types of meteorological conditions, both of which lead to high ozone concentrations in Houston. The air quality simulations indicate that variability in industrial emissions has the potential to cause increases and decreases of 10–52 ppb (13–316%), or more, in ozone concentration. The largest of these differences are restricted to regions of 10–20 km², but the variability also has the potential to increase regionwide maxima in ozone concentrations by up to 12 ppb.     

Environmental impact and health risk assessment of volatile organic compound emissions during different seasons in Beijing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to air pollution. Based on the emission characteristics of 99 VOCs that daily measured at 10 am in winter from 15 December 2015 to 17 January 2016 and in summer from 21 July to 25 August 2016 in Beijing, the environmental impact and health risk of VOC were assessed. In the winter polluted days, the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) of VOC (199.70 ± 15.05 μg/m³) was significantly higher than that on other days. And aromatics were the primary contributor (98.03%) to the SOAP during the observation period. Additionally, the result of the ozone formation potential (OFP) showed that ethylene contributed the most to OFP in winter (26.00% and 27.64% on the normal and polluted days). In summer, however, acetaldehyde was the primary contributor to OFP (22.00% and 21.61% on the normal and polluted days). Simultaneously, study showed that hazard ratios and lifetime cancer risk values of acrolein, chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetaldehyde and 1,3-butadiene exceeded the thresholds established by USEPA, thereby presenting a health risk to the residents. Besides, the ratio of toluene-to-benzene indicated that vehicle exhausts were the main source of VOC pollution in Beijing. The ratio of m-/p-xylene-to-ethylbenzene demonstrated that there were more prominent atmospheric photochemical reactions in summer than that in winter. Finally, according to the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results, compared with local pollution sources, the spread of pollution from long-distance VOCs had a greater impact on Beijing.     

Characteristics and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds in emissions from a typical Chinese coking plant

Coking industry is an important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission source in China, however, detailed information on VOCs emissions is lacking. Therefore, we selected a typical mechanized coking plant and collected air samples according to the Emission Standard of Pollutants for Coking Chemical Industry (GB16171-2012). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, we analyzed the VOCs in the air samples, and applied maximum increment reactivity (MIR) rule to estimate ozone formation potential (OFP) of the VOCs emitted from the coke production. More than 90 VOCs species were detected from the coking plant, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs. The concentrations of VOCs (ρ(VOCs)) generated at different stages of the coking process are significantly different. ρ(VOCs) from coke oven chimney had the highest concentration (87.1 mg/m³), followed by coke pushing (4.0 mg/m³), coal charging (3.3 mg/m³) and coke oven tops (1.1 mg/m³). VOCs species emitted from the coke production processes were dominated by alkanes and alkenes, but the composition proportions were different at the different stages. Alkenes were the most abundant emission species in flue gases of the coke oven chimney accounting for up to 66% of the total VOCs, while the VOCs emissions from coke pushing and coal charging were dominated by alkanes (36% and 42%, respectively), and the alkanes and alkenes emitted from coke oven top were similar (31% and 29%, respectively). Based on above results, reduction of VOCs emissions from coke oven chimney flue gases is suggested to be an effective measure, especially for alkenes.