酸性矿山废水区域废矿石中真核生物多样性分析

采集安徽某铁矿酸性矿山废水库周边的废矿石样品,分析了样品的主要物化参数,进而利用分子生物学方法,构建真核生物18S rDNA克隆文库,对样品中的真核生物多样性和群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,该区域呈现强酸性,pH均在3以下,Fe、SO2-4、P、NO-3-N含量都显示同一个趋势,即裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的含量高于有植被覆盖的样品LW和XC.4个样品含有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和节肢动物门(Arthropoda)这4类真核生物.其中球囊菌门可以与植物形成绝对共生关系,是早期植物适应陆地环境的关键.包含球囊菌门的样品LW和XC,有植被保护,其生物多样性比裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的生物多样性更丰富.此外,还发现样品中存在很多对极低pH、重金属有耐受力的菌种,如Penicillium purpurogenum、Chaetothyriales sp.、Staninwardia suttonii等.     

Evolution of boundary layer ozone in Shijiazhuang, a suburban site on the North China Plain

The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O_3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O_3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O_3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O_3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O_3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O_3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NO_x) limitations,and the O_3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O_3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O_3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O_3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O_3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27% ± 7% on average.     

矿业环境相邻关系的界定及保护

环境资源利用低效,源于产权界定不清而置于公共领域.矿业环境相邻关系的界定是相应环境产权私人化的途径.由矿业环境相邻权与矿业成员环境权双向对接组成的环境相邻关系,通过法律来约束矿山企业的环境相邻权和激励相邻对方的成员环境权而共同保护矿业环境.矿山企业一方给相邻对方合理施加容忍义务,相邻对方应当容忍非实质性的或当地通行的影...     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

四种藻类植物对镍的耐受性及其中毒的变化

四种纯种培养的藻类植物对镍离子的耐受性不同。衣藻属(Chlamydomonas sp.)可耐受10ppm的镍;栅列藻属(Scenedesmus sp.)5ppm;颤藻属(Oscillatoria sp.)1ppm;聚球藻属(Synechococcus sp.)0.02ppm。受试的两种绿藻比蓝纯菌(蓝藻类,Cyanobacteria)对镍离子毒性的抗性大得多。本文还报道了影响这些藻类对镍的敏感性和抗性的某些环境因素,并阐明了一些抗性的机制。     

Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China

Central Plains region of China,represented by Henan Province,is facing serious air pollution problems.Vehicular exhaust emissions had adverse impacts on the atmospheric environment.The first comprehensive and novel vehicle emission inventory for Henan Province using vehicle kilometers traveled,localized emission factors,and activity data at city-level was developed.Furthermore,3 km×3 km gridded emission and temporal variations were determined by using localized information.Results show that the total emissions of sulfur dioxide(SO_2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbon monoxide(CO),particular matter with aerodynamic diameter10μm(PM_(10)),aerodynamic diameter2.5μm(PM_(2.5)),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),VOCs-evaporation and ammonia in 2015 were 9.1,533.4,1190.7,23.7,21.6,150.8,31.5 and 10.4 Gg,respectively,and the emission intensities of the above pollutants were 0.05,2.7,6.0,0.1,0.1,0.8,0.2 and 0.05 g/km,respectively.Vehicles meeting the Primary China 1,China 3 and China 4 contributed 89.1%,82.7%,75.3%,75.5%,75.5%,68.2%,68.4%and 82.3%for SO_2,NO_x,CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,VOCs-evaporation and ammonia emissions,respectively.Zhengzhou,Zhoukou,Nanyang,Luoyang,Shangqiu and Xinyang showed relatively higher emissions and contributed more than 50%of each pollutant.The spatial distribution indicated obvious characteristics of the road network,and high-level emission was concentrated in the downtown areas.Additionally,the ozone formation potential(OFP)based on the estimated speciated VOC emissions was 569.6 Gg in Henan Province.Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were the main species of VOCs,whereas olefins contributed the largest proportion of OFP,with 42.2%.     

鸭跖草(Commelina communis)对铜的耐性和积累研究

采用溶液培养法 ,研究了生长于铜矿山上的鸭跖草 (Commelinacommunis)和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草对Cu的耐性和吸收积累的差异 .实验显示 ,随着溶液中Cu浓度的增加 ,生长于矿山的鸭跖草的干重、生长速率均增加 ,而生长于非矿山的鸭跖草的干重、生长速率降低 ,2种鸭跖草体内含Cu总量和根、茎、叶Cu含量均随着培养液Cu浓度的增加而增加 ,两者呈明显正相关 .在相同Cu处理浓度下 ,矿山的鸭跖草体内Cu的含量高于非矿山的鸭跖草体内Cu含量 ;Cu在 2种鸭跖草体内各器官的分布一致 ,均为根 >茎 >叶 .在高Cu浓度处理下 ,矿山的鸭跖草地上部Cu含量 根Cu含量的比值不超过 1,但随着溶液中Cu浓度的增加而增加 ;而非矿山的鸭跖草除去对照处理 ( 0 2 5μmol L)外 ,地上部Cu 根Cu比值为 40— 2 40 μmol L ,随着溶液中Cu浓度的增加而增加 ,其比值超过了 1,但到了 3 2 0 μmol L时开始急剧下降 .结果表明矿山的鸭跖草已形成对Cu的耐性     

臭氧水中传质模型的研究

在传统鼓泡塔中对臭氧在水中的传质过程进行实验研究。利用实验改变进水流量、臭氧进气流量以及臭氧进气浓度等，得到臭氧传质系数、臭氧传质效率和臭氧消耗等有关参数。建立一个臭氧传质模型，可以预测不同操作条件下臭氧传质效率，从而优化控制臭氧化反应动力学。     

Characterization of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation from the ozonation of ranitidine

N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) is an emerging disinfection by-product which is formed during water disinfection in the presence of amine-based precursors. Ranitidine, as one kind of amine-based pharmaceuticals, has been identified as NDMA precursor with high NDMA molar conversion during chloramination. This study focused on the characterization of NDMA formation during ozonation of ranitidine. Influences of operational variables(ozone dose, pH value) and water matrix on NDMA generation as well as ranitidine degradation were evaluated. The results indicate high reactivity of ranitidine with ozone.Dimethylamine(DMA) and NDMA were generated due to ranitidine oxidation. High pH value caused more NDMA accumulation. NDMA formation was inhibited under acid conditions(pH ≤ 5) mainly due to the protonation of amines. Water matrix such as HCO-3and humic acid impacted NDMA generation due to UOH scavenging. Compared with UOH,ozone molecules dominated the productions of DMA and NDMA. However, UOH was a critical factor in NDMA degradation. Transformation products of ranitidine during ozonation were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among these products, just DMA and N,N-dimethylformamide could contribute to NDMA formation due to the DMA group in the molecular structures. The NDMA formation pathway from ranitidine ozonation was also proposed.     

华北代表性农田的蚯蚓群落与重金属污染指示研究

对鲁中地区农田环境有害化学物质对蚯蚓群体构成的影响进行了调查,并做了重金属毒理试验。普通农田的调查显示,棕壤农田有蚯蚓3科,6属,8种;褐土农田3科,5属,6种;潮土农田3科,6属,6种。调查、分析及毒理试验显示,潮土农田中暗灰异唇蚓、湖北远盲蚓、日本杜拉蚓3个种是适用于反应指示的重金属污染敏感种,赤子爱胜蚓、微小双胸蚓、威廉腔蚓3个种是适用于积累指示的重金属污染耐受性种。