高山植物唐古特红景天粘液细胞及叶肉细胞表面糖蛋白与抗冻性的关系

分布于青海高原海拔4000m高山的唐古特红景天有很强的抗冻能力，其叶片半致死温度可达－26.5℃。在北京地区夏季（7月）驯化20d后，长出新叶片的半致死温度升高为－15.5℃。光镜组织化学切片显示，在唐古特红景天叶片中，特别是维管组织周围，存在多糖、蛋白质或糖蛋白含量丰富的粘粹细胞；高温驯化后长出的新叶片这种粘液细胞明显减小或消失。电镜细胞化学研究揭示，在细胞壁外层及细胞间隙中分布着明显的糖蛋白，在北京地区驯化20d的唐古特红景天叶片中这种糖蛋白明显减少。因此推测，粘液细胞和叶肉细胞表面的糖蛋白层，对唐古特红景天抗冻能力可能起着重要的作用，图版1图2参20。     

一株耐盐嗜热菌Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus H7的分离及其油脂降解特性

针对高盐、高油餐厨垃圾高温堆肥功能菌株缺乏的问题,以大豆油为唯一碳源,通过测定生物量、脂肪酶活性和油脂降解率,从餐厨垃圾堆积处的土壤样品中分离筛选出一株嗜热油脂降解菌H7.通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,对筛选的菌株进行鉴定,考察其耐盐能力、油脂降解和生长特性.结果表明,菌株H7为嗜热嗜气解硫胺素...     

Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone, secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have significant impact on the formation of O₃ and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributing PM_2.5. Herein, we investigated 54 VOCs, O₃ and SOA in Tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O₃, SOA and VOCs. The monthly patterns of VOCs and SOA concentrations were characterized by peak values during October to March and reached a minimum from April to September, but the observed O₃ was exactly the opposite. Machine learning methods resolved the importance of individual VOCs on O₃ and SOA that alkenes (mainly ethylene, propylene, and isoprene) have the highest importance to O₃ formation; alkanes (C_n, n ≥ 6) and aromatics were the main source of SOA formation. Machine learning methods revealed and emphasized the importance of photochemical consumptions of VOCs to O₃ and SOA formation. Ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) calculated by consumed VOCs quantitatively indicated that more than 80% of the consumed VOCs were alkenes which dominated the O₃ formation, and the importance of consumed aromatics and alkenes to SOAFP were 40.84% and 56.65%, respectively. Therein, isoprene contributed the most to OFP at 41.45% regardless of the season, while aromatics (58.27%) contributed the most to SOAFP in winter. Collectively, our findings can provide scientific evidence on policymaking for VOCs controls on seasonal scales to achieve effective reduction in both SOA and O₃.     

金属阳离子对高硅分子筛催化氧化NO的影响

采用离子交换法制备了Na-、K-、Co-、NiZSM-5分子筛催化剂.测试了它们催化氧化NO的性能并通过XRD、BET、ICP-MS和Py-IR等表征,结果表明,CoZSM-5分子筛对NO催化氧化具有最高的活性,氧化率达到47%,主要是引入Co离子的ZSM-5表面酸性最适宜NO氧化.同时,在湿度100%条件下,考察了氧气浓度（5%~20%）,空速与二氧化硫浓度（0~200×10^-6）等对CoZSM-5分子筛催化氧化NO性能的影响.实验结果表明,在30℃、空速14400h^-1和相对湿度100%条件下,SO₂浓度在200×10^-6以下对催化氧化NO基本无影响.56h催化剂稳定性实验结果表明,在30℃、NO进口浓度600×10^-6、空速18000h^-1和饱和水汽（RH：100%）条件下,CoZSM-5分子筛催化剂对NO的氧化率可维持在40%左右.因此CoZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有良好的NO氧化稳定性、抗水性和一定的抗硫性.     

江苏省春季臭氧污染特征分析

对2018—2020年春季江苏省臭氧(O3)污染特征进行了分析.结果表明,江苏省ρ(O3)均超过二级标准限值,分别超出5.6％,11.3％和8.8％,沿江区域ρ(O3)略高于苏北区域;ρ(O3-1 h)日变化呈"单峰型",峰值呈逐年上升趋势,非污染日苏北区域ρ(O3-1 h)均高于沿江区域,主要时间段体现在夜间至次日早...     

Sources of ambient non-methane hydrocarbon compounds and their impacts on O3 formation during autumn, Beijing

The field observation of 54 non-methane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) was conducted from September 1 to October 20 in 2020 during autumn in Haidian District, Beijing. The mean concentration of total NMHCs was 29.81 ± 11.39 ppbv during this period, and alkanes were the major components. There were typical festival effects of NMHCs with lower concentration during the National Day. Alkenes and aromatics were the dominant groups in ozone formation potential (OFP) and OH radical loss rate (L_OH). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) running results revealed that vehicular exhaust became the biggest source in urban areas, followed by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage, solvent usage, and fuel evaporation. The box model coupled with master chemical mechanism (MCM) was applied to study the impacts of different NMHCs sources on ozone (O₃) formation in an O₃ episode. The simulation results indicated that reducing NMHCs concentration could effectively suppress O₃ formation. Moreover, reducing traffic-related emissions of NMHCs was an effective way to control O₃ pollution at an urban site in Beijing.     

Detrimental role of residual surface acid ions on ozone decomposition over Ce-modified γ-MnO2 under humid conditions

In the study,the catalyst precursors of Ce-modified γ-MnO_2 were washed with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant was 1,2,4 and 7,and the obtained catalysts were named accordingly.Under space velocity of 300,000 hr~(-1),the ozone conversion over the pH=7 catalyst under dry conditions and relative humidity of 65% over a period of 6 hr was 100% and 96%,respectively.However,the ozone decomposition activity of the pH=2 and 4 catalysts distinctly decreased under relative humidity of 65% compared to that under dry conditions.Detailed physical and chemical characterization demonstrated that the residual sulfate ions on the pH=2 and 4 catalysts decreased their hydrophobicity and then restrained humid ozone decomposition activity.The pH=2 and 4 catalysts had inferior resistance to high space velocity under dry conditions,because the residual sulfate ion on their surface reduced their adsorption capacity for ozone molecules and increased their apparent activation energies,which was proved by temperature programmed desorption of O_2 and kinetic experiments.Long-term activity testing,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed that there were two kinds of oxygen vacancies on the manganese dioxide catalysts,one of which more easily adsorbed oxygen species and then became deactivated.This study revealed the detrimental effect of surface acid ions on the activity of catalysts under humid and dry atmospheres,and provided guidance for the development of highly efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition.     

能源植物皇草对重金属的耐性及修复潜力

重金属污染及生态修复是环境和生态领域研究的热点和难点。皇草是重要的纤维素生物燃料和电力植物。选用皇草作为重金属污染土壤的修复植物,探讨皇草对重金属的耐性机理和对重金属污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明：皇草的株高和干重在Ni、As、Zn、Pb处理中显著高于对照处理或者与对照处理没有显著差异,但在Cr处理中显著低于对照处理。皇草在Ni、As、Zn、Pb和低浓度Cr污染土壤均能生产大量的生物质,每季产25.55~28.51 t·hm-2鲜草和8.23~9.12 t·hm-2干草。皇草叶片中MDA和POD的含量随着Cr、Ni、As和Pb浓度的升高有所增加,但CAT和SOD的活性表现出相反的趋势。在Zn的2个浓度梯度下,皇草叶片中的CAT、POD和SOD的活性均随着Zn浓度升高而下降。从重金属在皇草各器官分布来看,Cr、As和Pb的浓度为根 > 叶 > 茎;Ni和Zn为根 > 茎 > 叶。从重金属在植物叶片中的形态来看,Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb的盐酸提取态的含量较高。从重金属在亚细胞分布来看,Cr、As和Pb在皇草叶片亚细胞组分分布为细胞质 > 细胞壁 > 细胞器,Ni和Zn在皇草叶片亚细胞组分分布为细胞器 > 细胞质 > 细胞壁。皇草对重金属的富集系数和转运系数均小于1,对重金属的提取量较低,但其耐性强、生物量大,适合应用于土壤重金属污染的植物稳定技术。     

Accumulation of Hg(II) by microbial biofilms on suspended particulate matter

Accumulation of Hg(II) by microbial biofilms on suspended particulate matter     

Moving toward effective ozone flux assessment

We present a comment about "Ozone risk assessment for plants: central role of metabolism-dependent changes in reducing power" by Dizengremel, Le Thiec, Bagard, and Jolivet. As tools for summarizing plant O(3) sensitivity in simple indices, Dizengremel et al. suggest: reducing power, as antioxidant regeneration through the Halliwell/Asada cycle requires NADPH from the photosynthetic light reaction; Rubisco/PEPc ratio, as an index of the energy balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions; and water-use efficiency as a time-integrated approximation of the carbon gain to stomatal O(3) uptake ratio. The scientific background is solid, and simple enough (although expensive) to be translated into modelling and routine use. In the last decade, several approaches have been developed, mostly by using photosynthesis as a metric of defence. All these approaches should be experimentally tested in different and realistic conditions, before the results are transferred to the field and used in effective O(3) flux modelling and assessment.