宝山堇菜多金属吸收特征和耐性策略

宝山堇菜Viola baoshanensis Shu,Liu et Lan是一种Cd超富集植物,但它对不同重金属的吸收和转运能力有待进一步研究。从湖南桂阳宝山多金属矿区中筛选4个宝山堇菜优势分布的小生境,分析这些生境中宝山堇菜及其根区土壤的重金属质量分数。化学分析结果显示,宝山堇菜优势分布土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn和Fe的平均质量分数(mg/kg)分别为471、15 044、8 273、1 776、4 702和69 054。宝山堇菜地上部Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn和Fe的平均质量分数(mg/kg)分别为387、1 077、1 037、99、379和1 812,其中Cd、Pb超过超富集植物标准,Zn、Cu的平均质量分数大约是Zn、Cu超富集植物标准的10%,Mn的平均质量分数低于Mn超富集植物标准的5%,Fe的平均质量分数高于1 000 mg/kg。上述结果表明,宝山堇菜可以超富集Cd和Pb,富集Zn、Cu和Fe以及低积累Mn。此外,宝山堇菜对不同重金属差别化吸收模式可能也代表了超富集植物适应重金属复合污染土壤的一种策略。     

会泽铅锌尾矿区自然生长的3种豆科植物铅锌耐性的研究

为了解会泽铅锌尾矿区自然发生的豆科植物对重金属的耐性,研究了该地区自然发生的3种豆科植物在Pb2＋/Zn2＋单盐和双盐胁迫下种子萌发及其幼苗生长的情况。研究表明：在本实验所设的浓度范围内,Pb2＋/Zn2＋单独胁迫时,对供试植物种子及幼苗的生长主要表现为抑制作用,除苕子（Vicia Cracca L.）外,金属离子的质量浓度越大抑制作用越强;Pb2＋/Zn2＋共同胁迫时出现复杂的交互作用。对于苕子的种子及幼苗的生长,Pb2＋/Zn2＋呈现明显的相互加强抑制作用;对于其它2种植物,当Zn2＋浓度在低质量浓度时,Pb2＋似乎对Zn2＋抑制有缓解作用,同样当Pb2＋浓度在低质量浓度时,Zn2＋似乎对Pb2＋抑制有缓解作用,但是当Pb2＋/Zn2＋高浓度时,Pb2＋/Zn2＋呈现明显的相互加强抑制作用。不论是单盐还是双盐,苕子对的耐性最强,其次为白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）,紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）最弱。会泽铅锌尾矿区重金属含量高是该区植被恢复的最大障碍,进一步研究植物对Pb2＋及Zn2＋的耐受性对于铅锌尾矿区的植被恢复有极其重要的意义。     

宝山堇菜多金属吸收特征和耐性策略

宝山堇菜Viola baoshanensis Shu,Liu et Lan是一种Cd超富集植物,但它对不同重金属的吸收和转运能力有待进一步研究。从湖南桂阳宝山多金属矿区中筛选4个宝山堇菜优势分布的小生境,分析这些生境中宝山堇菜及其根区土壤的重金属质量分数。化学分析结果显示,宝山堇菜优势分布土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn和Fe的平均质量分数（mg/kg）分别为471、15 044、8 273、1 776、4 702和69 054。宝山堇菜地上部Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn和Fe的平均质量分数（mg/kg）分别为387、1 077、1 037、99、379和1 812,其中Cd、Pb超过超富集植物标准,Zn、Cu的平均质量分数大约是Zn、Cu超富集植物标准的10%,Mn的平均质量分数低于Mn超富集植物标准的5%,Fe的平均质量分数高于1 000 mg/kg。上述结果表明,宝山堇菜可以超富集Cd和Pb,富集Zn、Cu和Fe以及低积累Mn。此外,宝山堇菜对不同重金属差别化吸收模式可能也代表了超富集植物适应重金属复合污染土壤的一种策略。     

天津市臭氧污染现状与污染特征分析

通过臭氧监测实验,系统研究了天津市城区的臭氧污染现状、污染特征和时空分布规律,并从空间上确定了城市城区易发生光化学污染的敏感区域、高发区域.     

蚕豆对铯的吸收蓄积及亚细胞分布研究

采用改良水培法培养蚕豆幼苗至2片真叶,置于含铯(ρ(Cs+)8.24(CK)~200 mg·L~(-1))的营养液中处理7 d、14 d、21 d后取样。采用差速离心法分离亚细胞组分,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定根、茎、叶及各亚细胞组分的Cs+含量,分析蚕豆幼苗对Cs+的吸收蓄积及亚细胞分布特点,研究蚕豆对Cs+的富集转运特征及耐受机理。结果显示:蚕豆3种器官对Cs+的蓄积量为根叶茎,根对Cs+的蓄积量占总量的65.13%~83.17%,最高(ρ(Cs+)200 mg·L~(-1)时)达到518.40 mg·kg~(-1)FW(7 d)、1 949.74 mg·kg~(-1)FW(14 d)和3 614.03 mg·kg~(-1)FW(21 d);蚕豆根、茎、叶中Cs+的亚细胞分布主要集中在细胞壁和可溶性组分中,Cs+相对含量分别达到75.84%~99.06%(根)、79.06%~100%(茎)、82.95%~100%(叶);细胞核、前质体、叶绿体和线粒体等细胞器仅含少量的Cs+(25%)。结果表明,蚕豆根、茎、叶细胞主要通过阻滞作用,将Cs+结合固定在细胞壁,并将进入细胞质基质的一部分Cs+转运到液泡内,暂时或"永久性"存贮,有效降低了细胞器、胞质溶胶(cytosol)及内含物中的Cs+含量,极大地减缓了Cs+对细胞器的功能性损伤,这是短期内蚕豆未表现出明显中毒症状的原因,也是蚕豆耐受Cs+胁迫的重要机理之一。     

Comparisons of WRF/Chem simulated O3 concentrations in Mexico City with ground-based RAMA measurements during the MILAGRO period

This work compares the WRF/Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting – Chemistry) simulated O₃ concentrations in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) with measurements from the ground-based RAMA network during the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) period. The model resolves the observations reasonably well in terms of diurnal cycle and mean magnitude as reflected by high correlation coefficients and low root-mean-square errors. Stations located in the center of the MCMA generally exhibit higher correlation coefficients and lower model biases than those stations located in the peripheral of the MCMA. Large temporal variations in the observed and simulated O₃ concentrations are noted from station to station during the MILAGRO period. Sensitivity analyses of O₃ concentrations to changes in NO_x and VOC emissions rates suggest that O₃ production in the MCMA is VOC-sensitive, and VOC-emissions reduction appears to be an effective strategy for reducing high surface O₃ concentrations in the MCMA.     

Assessment and optimisation of VOC mass transfer enhancement by advanced oxidation process in a compact wet scrubber

Dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) removal was investigated in a compact scrubber (hydraulic residence time ≈20 ms), composed of a wire mesh packing structure where liquid and gas flow at co-current and high gas superficial velocity (>12 m s⁻¹). In order to regenerate the scrubbing liquid and to maintain a driving force in the scrubber, ozone and hydrogen peroxide were added to water since they allow the generation of nonselective and highly reactive species, hydroxyl radicals HO. Three ways of reagent distribution were tested. The influence of several parameters (liquid flow rate(s), ozone flow rate, pH and reagent concentrations) was investigated. The best configuration was obtained when ozone is transferred in the scrubbing liquid before introduction at the top of the scrubber simultaneously with the hydrogen peroxide solution, allowing to generate hydroxyl radical in the scrubber. With this configuration, DMDS removal could be increased from 16% with water to 34% at the same gas and liquid flow rates in the scrubber showing the potentiality of advanced oxidation process.     

Native fungi as metal remediators: Silver myco-accumulation from metal contaminated waste-rock dumps (Libiola Mine,Italy)

ABSTRACT

Metal contamination constitutes a major source of pollution globally. Many recent studies emphasized the need to develop cheap and green technologies for the remediation or reclamation of environmental matrices contaminated by heavy metals. In this context, fungi are versatile organisms that can be exploited for bioremediation activities. In our work, we tested silver (Ag) bioaccumulation capabilities of three microfungal strains (Aspergillus alliaceus Thom & Church, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams) isolated from a silver polluted site. The aim was to select silver tolerant native strains and test their potential silver uptake. Among the three species tested, T. harzianum was the most efficient strain to tolerate and accumulate silver, showing an uptake capability of 153 mg L^?1 taken at the Ag concentration of 330 mg L^?1. Our study highlights the potential use of native microfungi spontaneously growing in sulphide-rich waste rock dumps, for silver bioaccumulation and bioremediation.     

The ecology of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in Western Siberia

The data on the ecology of bilberry and cowberry in the West Siberian Plain, Kuznetsk Ala Tau, and highland Altai are presented. Ecological ranges of these plants and amplitudes of their tolerance for some environmental factors are described.     

Dynamics of Restoration Processes in the Idle Solonetz Ecosystems in the Southern Transural Region

The initial period of idleness in the solonetz ecosystems of the southern Transural Region is characterized by a significant variability of their soil–plant communities, which is determined by natural periodicity and general direction of the process of ecosystem restoration. Selective consumption of salinizing ions by the plants growing on idle land activates the development of desalinization processes.