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541.
机体细胞镉摄入离子转运通道研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
镉是人体非必需金属离子,长期镉暴露易引发镉中毒。机体内没有负责镉转运的特定载体,镉可通过必需金属离子转运载体进入机体细胞。机体内能够转运镉的载体有多种,主要包括铁的转运载体二价金属离子转运蛋白1(DMT1)、钙离子通道(电压门控钙通道(VGCC)、瞬时感受器电位(TRP)和钙库调控的钙通道(SOC))以及锌铁调控蛋白ZIP家族中的ZIP8和ZIP14等,且不同的机体细胞镉吸收所需转运载体不同。转运载体对镉离子的转运符合米氏方程,不同载体调节镉吸收的米氏常数Km值不同。机体细胞镉的吸收是个复杂的过程,通常存在着多种转运载体的交互作用,机体细胞可根据环境变化而选择镉的转运载体。对镉的生理毒性,以及细胞镉吸收常用的转运载体类型加以阐述,并分析了不同机体细胞镉吸收的可能转运载体,以期为后续探究机体细胞镉吸收具体分子机制提供理论指导。 相似文献
542.
Boxiong SHEN Jianhong CHEN Ji CAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(2):236-243
This study described the use of clay impregnated by KI in gas phase elemental mercury (Hgo) removal in flue gas. The effects of KI loading, temperature, O2, SO2 and H2O on Hgo removal were investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The Hgo removal efficiency of KI-clay with 3% KI loading could maintain at a high level (approximately 80 %) after 3 h. The KI-clay demonstrated to be a potential adsorbent for Hgo removal when compared with activated carbon based adsorbent. O2 was found to be an important factor in improving the Hgo removal. O2 was demonstrated to assist the transfer of KI to I2 on the surface of KI-clay, which could react with Hgo directly. NO and SO2 could slightly improve Hgo removal, while H2O inhibited it greatly. The results indicated that after adsorption, most of the mercury escaped from the surface again. Some of the mercury may have been oxidized as it left the surface. The results demonstrated that the chemical reaction primarily occurred between KI and mercury on the surface of the KI-clay. 相似文献
543.
Junqin PANG Masami MATSUDA Masashi KURODA Daisuke INOUE Kazunari SEI Kei NISHIDA Michihiko IKE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):7
To improve nitrogen removal performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is essential to understand the behavior of nitrogen cycling communities, which comprise various microorganisms. This study characterized the quantity and diversity of nitrogen cycling genes in various processes of municipal WWTPs by employing two molecular-based methods:most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) and DNA microarray. MPN-PCR analysis revealed that gene quantities were not statistically different among processes, suggesting that conventional activated sludge processes (CAS) are similar to nitrogen removal processes in their ability to retain an adequate population of nitrogen cycling microorganisms. Furthermore, most processes in the WWTPs that were researched shared a pattern:the nirS and the bacterial amoA genes were more abundant than the nirK and archaeal amoA genes, respectively. DNA microarray analysis revealed that several kinds of nitrification and denitrification genes were detected in both CAS and anaerobic-oxic processes (AO), whereas limited genes were detected in nitrogen removal processes. Results of this study suggest that CAS maintains a diverse community of nitrogen cycling microorganisms; moreover, the microbial communities in nitrogen removal processes may be specific.
相似文献
544.
三种微生物对铀的吸附行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
开展了酵母菌(真菌)、枯草芽孢杆菌(细菌)、小球藻(藻类)对水体中铀(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及机理研究.结果表明:3种微生物对铀都具有较好的吸附效果.酵母菌,小球藻,枯草芽孢杆菌对铀的最佳吸附率分别为97.19%、97.13%、98.03%;且最大吸附量分别达到341.2、356.5、512.5mgU/g(DW).3种微生物对铀的吸附过程和机理有所不同,酵母菌和小球藻符合Langmuir模型,枯草芽孢杆菌更适合Freundlich模型,吸附至12h,酵母菌表面逐渐出现铀和磷的片状结晶及含铀沉积物堆积,小球藻和枯草芽孢杆菌与铀(50mgU/L)作用后细胞出现明显变形,菌体表面未出现铀的结晶物. 相似文献
545.
546.
Rongfang YUAN Beihai ZHOU Duo HUA Chunhong SHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):850
The effect of ion-doping on TiO2 nanotubes were investigated to obtain the optimal TiO2 nanotubes for the effective decomposition of humic acids (HA) through O3/UV/ion-doped TiO2 process. The experimental results show that changing the calcination temperature, which changed the weight fractions of the anatase phase, the average crystallite sizes, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and the energy band gap of the catalyst, affected the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The ionic radius, valence state, and configuration of the dopant also affected the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts on HA removal increased when Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, V5+, and Zn2+ were doped into the TiO2 nanotubes, whereas such activities decreased as a result of Mn2+- and Ni2+-doping. In the presence of 1.0 at.% Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 550°C, the removal efficiency of HA was 80% with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.158 min−1. Fe3+ in TiO2 could increase the generation of ·OH, which could remove HA. However, Fe3+ in water cannot function as a shallow trapping site for electrons or holes. 相似文献
547.
In this study, stabilized Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles were successfully prepared in aqueous phase using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a capping agent. These metal nanoparticles were then tested for catalytic hydrodechlorination toward two classes of organochlorinated compounds (vinyl polychlorides including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and alkyl polychlorides including 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)) to determine the rate-limiting steps and to explore the reaction mechanisms. The surface area normalized reaction rate constant, kSA, showed a systematic dependence on the electronic structure (the density of states at the Fermi level) of the metals, suggesting that adsorption of organochlorinated reactants on the metal catalyst surfaces is the rate-limiting step for catalytic hydrodechlorination. Hydrodechlorination rates of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1,1,2-TeCA agreed with the bond strength of the first (weakest) dissociated C-Cl bond, suggesting that C-Cl bond cleavage, which is the first step for dissociative adsorption of the alkyl polychlorides, controlled the catalytic hydrodechlorination rate. However, hydrodechlorination rates of TCE and PCE correlated with the adsorption energies of their molecular (non-dissociative) adsorption on the noble metals rather than with the first C-Cl bond strength, suggesting that molecular adsorption governs the reaction rate for hydrodechlorination of the vinyl polychlorides. 相似文献
548.
本文简述了电磁辐射的危害,论述了电磁屏蔽服装的一般原理。结合前人的研究,针对针织服装特点详细分析了织物厚度、线圈长度、针织组织、服装结构设计等对屏蔽作用的影响规律及机理。最后,提出织物组织结构参数与屏蔽纤维含量、屏蔽纤维之间孔隙的关系,屏蔽纤维含量与屏蔽纤维之间孔隙的合理配置是针织物电磁屏蔽效能研究的关键。同时,进行电磁屏蔽针织服装研究时可以结合人体模型并增加服装结构研究的切入点。 相似文献
549.
针对震后民用建筑重建质量监管缺失问题,从政府、社会、责任主体三维视角出发,构建了一套促进重建工程质量持续改进的监管机制,并分析该机制具有时空性、多维性、循环性三大特征。另外,为便于社会力量对震后民用建筑重建工程质量进行监督,构建了一套针对非专业人员的工程质量评价指标体系,并利用模糊综合评价法,通过实例验证了该指标体系的有效性。最后,提出了优化该质量监管机制的建议。 相似文献
550.
针对高硫矿石容易发生氧化自燃的危险,通常的灌浆、注砂、注惰气和喷洒阻化剂等技术还存在一些不足,提出一种以水泥灰为基料的三相泡沫来预防硫化矿石自燃的新技术。该技术是将水泥灰和水按一定的比例混合,同时加入一定比例的发泡剂和稳泡剂后,经物理机械方式发泡形成,集固、液、气三相材料的防灭火性能与一体。理论分析了水泥灰三相泡沫的形成与衰变机理,并通过正交试验,对三相泡沫的发泡倍数与半衰期进行研究,最后采用单因素实验,定量分析灰水质量比,发泡剂和稳泡剂浓度对三相泡沫稳定性能的影响,得到最佳泡沫配方。结果表明:当灰水质量比为1:5,发泡剂浓度为5g/L,稳泡剂浓度为8g/L时,制得的三相泡沫发泡倍数达到6倍,半衰期达到6h以上。 相似文献