福州滨海地区菜地和果园土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征

不同农业土地利用方式土壤生态化学计量学特征对于表征土壤养分供应水平具有一定的指示作用,对农田生态系统养分资源管理具有重要意义.为了揭示菜地和果园两种农业土地利用方式土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量学特征,以福州市滨海地区菜地(芋头地、红薯地)和果园(橘树园、西瓜地、梨树园)为研究对象,对菜地和果园农业土地利用方式下土壤C、 N、 P含量及其生态化学计量特征进行测定与分析.结果表明,土壤C、 N含量基本表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中橘树园土壤C含量最高(4.44 g·kg^-1),西瓜地土壤N含量最高(1.46 g·kg^-1).而土壤P含量基本表现为菜地>果园(P<0.05),其中红薯地土壤P含量最高(0.19 g·kg^-1);土壤碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)和氮磷比(N/P)均表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中,橘树园土壤C/N(7.40)、 C/P(61.43)最高,西瓜地土壤N/P最高(10.27);不同农业土地利用方式下土壤N含量与容重和电导率...     

“Horizontal” and “vertical” diffusion: The cumulative influence of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) on mining policy-production in New Caledonia

The scale, duration and intensity of conflicts over mineral resources vary greatly. However, they always involve, in varying proportions, the triad stakeholder model—corporation, state, community—each element of which is internally heterogeneous. Increasingly, new players are entering the scene: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), environmental grassroots groups, indigenous transnational networks, international aid and development agencies. Nevertheless, conflicts and arrangements around access to and control over mineral resources can take the apparent form of dyadic relationships between companies and local communities, resulting in negotiated company-community agreements, often called “Impact and Benefit Agreements” (IBAs). In our analysis, local agreements on mineral resource governance are seen as building blocks in the production of mining policy “from below”, even though they seem at first sight to exclude the state. This paper argues that these agreements, and the negotiations surrounding them, inform debates around mining through both “horizontal diffusion” (influence on other localities facing similar situations) and “vertical diffusion” (influence on policy design and implementation at upper political and administrative levels). This diffusion may occur in a “positive” sense, effecting further change in line with the intent of the original agreement, or in a “negative” one, actually making substantive change less likely, whether at a community or policy level. We build this argument through two case studies from New Caledonia, in the south-west Pacific, where mining has long been a key issue, especially in the current context of “negotiated decolonization” launched by the 1998 Nouméa Accord.     

人尿中痕量铜的分光光度测定

本文采用自己合成的水溶性卟啉Ｔ（４－ＴＡＰ）Ｐ作试剂，在ｐＨ４５，盐酸羟胺存在下，建立了一种测定人尿中痕量铜的分光光度法，操作简便，结果准确，令人满意。     

宁波皎口地震近场速度特征研究

利用和达法和石川法对宁波皎口地震的资料进行处理,得到了各台站１９９３年和１９９４～１９９５年初两个时间段内的虚波速度和多台平均波速比。并得出如下结论：（１）樟水流动台１９９３年虚波速度值异常高,这主要是因为地震波特殊的传播路径以及传播介质在应力积累时产生大量微裂隙引起;而１９９４年后又呈大幅下降则主要是由于介质裂隙大量充水饱和后引起。（２）与樟水台同处近场的洪山和雪山两个流动台的虚波速度１９９３年虽也处于较高值,但与樟水台相比却明显要低,这是由于介质波速异常的方向性效应引起。（３）近场虚波速度明显高于远场虚波速度,多台波速比在４７级地震前处于中长期低值异常,而地震后回归正常。（４）近场速度特征可作为一项地震预报的追踪指标在皎口地震中应用,但还需进一步完善。     

超声波萃取—高效液相色谱法测定环境空气总悬浮颗粒物中的苯并(a)

对大气总悬浮颗粒物中的苯并（ａ）芘进行了超声波清洗机萃取—高效液相色谱法分析测定．研究了样品的处理方法，考察了萃取过程中，萃取剂类型、萃取剂用量、萃取时间等因素对测定结果的影响，确立了最佳萃取条件．此方法简便快速，灵敏度高，分析结果令人满意     

应用~(32)P示踪技术研究不同土壤慢速土地处理系统内磷素的行为规律

应用放射性32 P示踪技术 ,在人工模拟土柱装置上 ,对城市污水中的磷素在不同土壤内的行为规律进行研究 ,并对实验数据进行了归一化的计算处理 ,结果表明红壤和紫色土对城市污水中的磷素都有较强的去除能力 ,但磷素在不同土壤中的行为有明显差异。     

黄孢原毛平革菌P450对难降解有机物降解的研究现状

难降解有机物由于具有极大的环境危害,已成为环境保护的一大难题.其降解的主要研究方向是依靠微生物的降解功能.黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)是研究异源物质代谢最广泛的白腐真菌.目前的研究主要集中在胞外木质过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,而对胞内细胞色素P450降解功能的研究还很少.     

Climate controls on dust storm occurrence in Maowusu Desert, Inner Mongolia, north China

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Testing the Norwegian phosphorus index at the field and subcatchment scale

Simple risk assessment tools for agricultural phosphorus (P) losses, like the P index, have been developed in the U.S.A. and in some European countries. Despite its popularity, there have been surprisingly few studies, which try to test the index close to the field scale. For Norway, the P index approach comprises the risk related to both the source of P (soil P status, amount of fertilizer and manure as well as method of application, plant P release by freezing and P balance) and the risk related to transport of P (erosion, flooding, surface runoff, contributing distance, modified connectivity, soil profile, subsurface drainage). In this paper, we have applied the Norwegian P index to farmer fields within a small agricultural catchment, the Skuterud catchment (450 ha), in southeastern Norway. The Norwegian P index was tested for two agricultural fields (0.3–0.4 ha) and nine subcatchments (6–65 ha). Total P concentrations in runoff from the 11 study areas were measured during the year from May 2001 to April 2002. Results from the testing showed that the Norwegian P index described 66% of the variation in measured relative total P concentration for fields and subcatchments included in this study. Additionally, the P index was able to detect fields and subcatchments with the highest measured P concentrations. Results also showed that the source factor contributed most to the variation between fields and hence were important for the identification of high-risk areas in Skuterud catchment. It was found that the soil P status described 66% of the variation in the source factor. Among the transport variables, it was found that both erosion risk and contributing distance had an important influence on the transport factor. Overall, the study illustrated the potential of the P index to detect areas with the highest risk of P loss.