Multidimensional modeling of aerosol monitoring data

The present study deals with the application of N-way factor analysis for modeling and interpretation of a three-dimensional environmental data set acquired from monitoring of particulate matter (PM) collected at four different sampling locations in Lower Austria region (Central Europe). In the study the Tucker3 algorithm for N-way modeling was used. It was statistically validated that the Tucker3 model offered having the dimensionality [222] is appropriate for correct interpretation of the relationships between chemical parameters, sampling locations and sampling period. The Tucker3 model allowed to distinguish three major sources of pollution in the region of interest conditionally named “soil dust”, “combustion” and “street dust” latent factors as responsible for chemical profile of PM and to identify seasonal variability. Additionally, some specificity of the sampling locations was also pointed out.     

Comparative distribution, sourcing, and chemical behavior of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in an estuary environment

PCDD/F and PCB field data (1041 samples) in five media (dissolved, suspended sediment, bed sediment, catfish, and blue crab) were studied to explore dual contaminant patterns in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA. PCDD/Fs showed greater concentration than PCBs in suspended sediments while PCBs were higher in apparent dissolved (truly dissolved + DOC-associated), fish, and crab. PCDD/Fs at nearly all locations contributed more strongly to dioxin-like toxicity. The fraction of PCB TEQ was, however, enriched in biotic over abiotic media due in large part to the presence of PCB 126, which was mostly undetected in water and sediment and yet exhibited a BAF three times greater than 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Dissolved-suspended sediment and suspended-bed sediment relationships showed that (1) observed apparent dissolved concentration differences (as fraction of total water were mean 10% PCDD/Fs and 63% PCBs) can reasonably be explained by a four-phase partition model (truly dissolved, DOC-associated, suspended OC, and suspended BC) for PCBs but not for PCDD/Fs and (2) the contaminants behaved similarly in bed to suspended sediment concentration ratios (C_bed/C_susp) upstream of a major confluence but not downstream. PCA-cluster analysis pointed to the possibility that suspended sediment PCB contamination originates from resuspended bed sediment while PCDD/Fs in suspended sediment originates more probably from other sediment sources such as upstream wash load or air deposition. Finally, examinations of a congener marker ratio (PCB 209/206) seemed to indicate that a source of pure PCB 209 may exist in bed sediment near Patrick Bayou though the source was not completely localized.     

复合菌剂对盆栽番茄土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响

通过盆栽对照试验的方法,研究复合菌剂C1、C2对土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响,结果表明：与对照相比,施用复合菌剂C1、C2能够减少土壤真菌的数量,在施菌剂早期可以增加土壤细菌的数量,对土壤放线菌影响较小;提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等土壤养分的质量分数,降低土壤酸度;同时还能够显著地增强土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。进一步对各处理的土壤因素进行主成分分析,结果显示PC1为土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾,PC2为土壤矿化氮、脲酶、纤维素酶。综合评价土壤质量,复合菌剂C2在各处理中综合得分最大。     

基于标准化降水蒸发指数(SPEI)的东北干旱时空特征

东北地区是我国重要的粮食作物和经济作物的生产基地,易受异常降水和干旱的影响。随着全球气候变暖,东北地区温度增高、降水量减少,干旱事件发生频繁。但是目前国内对东北地区干旱的研究较少、结果存在分歧,且主要关注干旱的时空变化特征和干旱的影响,较少研究关注干旱的区划研究。依据1961─2013年东北地区月平均气温和降水资料,运用标准化降水蒸发指数（SPEI）分析了东北地区的干旱趋势,并根据主成分分析和聚类分析研究东北地区干旱的时空特征,研究结果表明：东北地区在1961─2012年期间干旱发生频率呈现波动增加的趋势;在1961─1999年期间,东北地区干旱发生频率低、持续时间短,干旱危害较小;而2000年以后,东北地区干旱事件频发,干旱持续时间长、强度大,出现了2000─2002和2007─2008年2个连续干旱期。从空间分布来看,2000─2010年是东北地区干旱发生频率和影响范围最大的时期,尤其是东北地区的中部和西部,其干旱频率分别达到42.86%和33.34%。根据主成分析和聚类分析的结果将东北划分为8个干旱相似区。研究结果对于实现东北干旱监测、评估,为减轻该区域干旱损失,指导区域水资源管理和农业生产具有重要的现实意义。     

On the Regional Coordinated Development Between Tourism Human Resource and Tourism Industry in China

Abstract

Tourism is one of the typical labor intensive industries and tourism human resource (HR) is the main factor for regional discrepancy of tourism industry. The paper takes China as research region and evaluates the level of tourism HR and the level of tourism industry of 31 provinces respectively. First, the paper constructs evaluation index of regional tourism industry and tourism HR. Then, the paper gets the evaluation scores of every province by applying the principal components analysis and statistical package for the social sciences processing. Second, the paper builds the tourism development-tourism HR matrix and divides the matrix into four quadrants. Finally, the paper points out the problems of tourism HR that exist in the 31 provinces and puts forward development strategy.     

高速公路交通事故严重程度与交通流特征的关系研究

为研究交通事故发生前后交通流特征对事故严重程度的影响,以JT高速公路作为研究对象,长期观测和采集交通流及事故数据。将交通事故发生时段的交通流主要衡量指标与事故信息进行数据匹配,形成交通事故与事故小时交通流匹配数据集,并分析流量、速度、大车比例等交通流表征指标与不同等级事故数的分布规律。通过分析发现:在某些流量、速度或大车比例区段,交通事故数及其严重程度处于较高的水平。在此基础上,利用主成分分析(PCA)技术对衡量交通流特征的初始指标进行降维处理,用交通流主成分指标综合反映交通流特征,并建立事故严重程度与交通流主成分指标的统计分析模型。结果表明:交通流主成分指标趋于零的区段的事故严重程度明显高于其他区段。     

基于PCA-BP神经网络的多股铜导线 熔痕定量金相识别方法研究

为实现火灾现场中多股铜导线熔痕的自动识别,采用主成分分析(PCA)和反向传播(BP)神经网络算法对四种多股铜导线熔痕(一次短路熔痕、二次短路熔痕、过负荷熔痕和火烧熔痕)的金相组织进行了识别研究。利用Image-Pro Plus 6.0和Axio-Imaging软件获取每种熔痕30组17维金相组织参数数据,采用PCA对四种熔痕共120组数据降维,获得前6个主成分得分矩阵,建立具有6个输入层节点,10个隐层节点和4个输出节点的神经网络模式识别模型。随机抽取每种熔痕的20组样品的主成分得分矩阵作为训练集,将每种熔痕的剩余10组主成分得分为测试数据,输入最终训练完成的模型进行识别,其识别准确率达到92.5%。实验结果表明采用PCA+BP神经网络的算法,可以较好地实现多股铜导线熔痕识别,为火灾物证鉴定工作提供了有力的工具。     

我国环境服务业发展水平评价

环境服务业作为生产性服务业和环保产业的重要组成,是我国经济发展的重要引擎。基于环境服务业定义和类别的演变,在分析我国环境服务业发展现状的基础上,构建包含产业结构、产业规模、产业盈利能力、产业集中度、产业创新能力5个维度的指标体系,采用主成分分析法对我国2015—2017年环境服务业发展水平进行综合评价。结果表明:我国环境服务业的综合发展水平呈逐年上升趋势,与各类指标分析结果相一致。从2015—2017年环境服务业综合指数来看,环境服务业经济增长能力因子在2017年最大,表明其当年综合发展水平的提升主要是由于经济增长能力因子的提高;环境服务业规模技术增长能力因子在2016年最大,表明当年的技术增长能力的提升促进了环境服务业综合发展水平的提升。针对评价结果,从扩大环境服务业企业规模,培育龙头企业,提升环境服务业企业技术创新增长能力,完善环境服务业保障措施等方面提出促进我国环境服务业发展水平的对策。     

武汉市夏季湖泊水体理化指标主成份和聚类分析

为深入了解湖泊水体理化因子的变化规律,为湖泊渔业和湖泊水质管理提供基础数据,于2007年夏季测定了武汉市梁子湖、斧头湖、柴泊湖、〖JP2〗南湖和野芷湖5个养殖湖泊的TN、NH+4 N、NO-2 N、NO-3 N、TP、〖JP〗PO3-4 P、DO、pH、CODMn、WT、SD和EC,应用SPSS软件,对测定结果从事了主成份分析和聚类分析。主成份分析结果表明,3个主成份分别为营养环境因子（包括TN、NO-2 N、NO-3 N、TP、pH、CODMn和EC）、生存因子（DC）和铵吸收因子（NH+4 N）。Q型聚类结果表明,5个湖泊的13个点可聚为4大类,即第1类为9、10、11、12、13号点;第2类是1、2、4号点;第3类是5、6、7、8号点;第4类是3号点。可将5个湖泊分为3类,即斧头湖和梁子湖为一类,柴泊湖为一类,野芷湖和南湖为一类。这一结果是城市废水、生活污水和养殖生产所致。     

康集生态农场土壤肥力改善的研究

本文采用对比研究的方法，分别对康集生态农场种植园、附近农用地和对照废窑地的主要土壤肥力指标进行了测定分析。结果表明，康集生态农场土壤肥力已从开发前的五级提高到与当地一般农用地相一致的三级水平。其中有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效磷含量明显提高，盐渍化程度有所下降，但仍有改善的潜力。