药品与个人护理品在鱼体中的累积及代谢研究进展

药品与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)作为一类广泛使用和具有特殊物理化学特性的新型环境污染物,能够在水环境中持续低浓度的存在,对水生生态系统具有潜在风险,已经引起了广泛的关注。鱼体内PPCPs的累积与代谢过程研究在PPCPs的生态风险评价中占据极其重要的地位。概述了PPCPs在鱼体内的分布,分析了影响PPCPs在鱼体内累积的因素如PPCPs的性质、组织差异、鱼的种类、不同的描述方法等,讨论了PPCPs的代谢机制,重点介绍了PPCPs在胆汁内的解毒机制和代谢产物,强调了胆汁应用的重要意义。最后,展望了PPCPs在鱼体内的累积和代谢这一研究领域的发展方向。     

Changes in lipid profiles of liver microsomes of rats following intratracheal administration of DDT or endosulfan

Abstract

The effect of intratracheal administration of DDT (5 mg/100 g body weight) or endosulfan (1 mg/100 g body weight) to rats for three consecutive days, has been studied on liver lipid metabolism. The administration of DDT but not endosulfan significantly increased the liver weight and the microsomal protein contents. Both DDT and endosulfan treatments significantly increased the contents of microsomal phosphatidylcholine (PC), total‐free‐ and esterified cholesterol. The distribution of unsaturated fatty acids of microsomal PC and PE was increased by DDT treatment. The intratracheal administration of DDT caused fatty infiltration of liver which was probably due to increased synthesis of triglycerides (TG). This is supported by the increased incorporation of radioactive palmitate‐l‐¹⁴C into microsomal TG. However, the increased incorporation of palmitate‐l‐¹⁴C into microsomal PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) after the DDT treatment, was due to the increased transacylation reaction supported by the decreased activity of microsomal phospholipase A. The intratracheal adminstration of endosulfan did not has pronounced effect on liver fatty infiltration, or transacylation reaction in microsomal PC and PE. However, the results have shown that the treatments of DDT or endosulfan increased the PC contents and the incorporation of radioactive [methyl‐³H]choline into PC of microsomes, resulting the increased synthesis of PC via CDPcholine pathway. Thus, the intratracheally administered DDT or endosulfan to rats showed that both the insecticides cause manifestations in the biochemistry of microsomal membrane lipids, although the effects of DDT being more pronounced. Therefore, the translocation effects of these insecticides or metabolites from lung to liver is established.     

Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in reindeer during early postnatal development

The interrelations of body weight, energy metabolism, and physiological parameters in the early postnatal development of reindeer are analyzed. It is shown that the dependence of energy expenditure at rest and oxygen utilization coefficient on body weight is described by a parabolic equation of the second order. At high ambient temperatures during the summer season, energy metabolism in the young decreases, heat emission by respiration increases, and the temperature homeostasis is disturbed.     

Metabolism of 2‐chloro‐N‐isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) in the sheep and milk goat

Abstract

Sheep metabolized a single oral dose of 2‐chloro‐N‐isopro‐pylacetanilide (propachlor) to four urinary metabolites. These were 2‐(S‐cysteinyl)‐N‐isopropylacetanilide and 2‐[S‐(N‐acetyl) cysteinyl]‐N‐isopropylacetanilide and the glucuronide conjugates of 4'‐hydroxy‐N‐isopropyl‐2‐methylsulfonylacetanilide and N‐(1‐hydroxyisopropyl)‐2‐methylsulfonylacetanilide. Residues (ppb equivalents of propachlor) from [¹⁴C]‐propachlor in the milk from a goat given daily oral doses (1.3 mg of propachlor three times daily for 15 days) plateaued at about 2 to 4 ppb equivalents of propachlor. In goat tissue, residues ranged from 1 ppb (fat) to 20 ppb (liver). Fecal and tissue metabolites were not identified.     

Metabolic pathway of Na2 75SeO3, o‐methyl‐75Se‐cinnamic acid and 75Se‐1‐flavone,tested as potential phytodrugs

Abstract

This communication describes the metabolic pathways of selenium containing compounds such as, sodium selenite (⁷⁵Se), o‐methyl‐⁷⁵Se‐cinnamic acid and ⁷⁵Se‐1‐flavone, by the plant Brasaica Oleracea to elucidate their role in selenium flavonoid biosynthesis.     

Rat urinary metabolites from O,O‐diethyl‐O‐(3, 5, 6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl) phosphorothioate

Abstract

Rats metabolized single oral doses of O,O‐diethy1–0‐(3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl‐2,6‐¹⁴C) phosphorothioate to at least six radiolabeled urinary metabolites. The urine contained about 90 percent of the dose. Three of these metabolites were identified as the glucuronide of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (80% the urinary ^l4C), a glycoside of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (4%), and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (12%).     

Metabolites of sulfur‐containing derivatives of the fungicides pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene in mammals,separated by capillary gas chromatography and identified by negative and positive Cl mass spectrometry

Biotransformation products of sulfur‐containing derivatives of pentachloronitro‐benzene and hexachlorobenzene in mammals, such as thiophenols, thioanisoles, phenols, anisoles and chlorinated benzenes have been identified by mass spectrometry of negative and positive ions produced by chemical ionisation. The capillary gas chromatograms of extracts from excreta of rats after application of N‐acetyl‐S‐(pentachlorophenyI)‐D,L‐cysteine, as well as of rabbits after application of S,S'‐(tetrachloro‐p‐phenylene)‐L,L'‐dicysteine, are shown.     

基于物质代谢的中国纺织业生态效率评价

生态效率是衡量循环经济发展水平的重要指标,它同时考虑经济效益和环境效益,将可持续发展目标融入不同层面的经济活动.论文以物质代谢为基础,采用价值-影响比值法建立行业生态效率的度量模型,并提出行业经济模式评价概念模型.以我国纺织业为例,核算该行业能源和废物代谢以及物质代谢的生态效率.结果表明:随着我国纺织业的快速发展,能源与废物代谢通量呈现出增长势头,但生态效率不断提高.1996-2005年阐,我国纺织业工业总产值增加了2.68倍,能源效率和环境效率分别提高了1.80和1.88倍左右,生态效率提高了2.6倍.我国纺织业生态效率评估结果同时显示,1996-2005年期间纺织业经历了传统发展模式、末端治理模式,并开始向循环经济模式转变.虽然我国纺织业物质代谢的生态效率在提高,但是随着物质资源的日益稀缺,物质代谢的生态效率仍需进一步提高,而提高生态效率的关键是资源效率与环境效率的协同发展.     

长期低聚磷条件对AO-SBR系统Accumulibacter代谢特性的影响

为了考察长期低聚磷(Poly-P)条件下Accumulibacter的菌群结构及其代谢特性的变化,采用两个SBR反应器,分别采用乙酸钠和丙酸钠为有机碳源,接种富含Accumulibacter的活性污泥,在进水PO34--P浓度为2. 5 mg·L~(-1)的低磷进水条件下运行60 d,对系统除磷性能、污泥浓度、主要菌群结构的变化进行研究.结果表明,长期低Poly-P条件下两个SBR系统均表现出良好的除磷和去除有机物的性能,但两个系统内的菌群代谢均表现出聚糖菌代谢特征;运行60 d后,丙酸盐系统中AccumulibacterⅠ型仍保持了较高的丰度(40%±7%),表明丙酸盐SBR系统中AccumulibacterⅠ型不仅具有较高的代谢活性,还能够在长期低聚磷条件下以一种不依赖Poly-P的代谢方式进行生存;对比发现,丙酸盐碳源更有利于Accumulibacter适应低磷负荷的运行环境,且在低磷负荷的运行环境下AccumulibacterⅠ型比Ⅱ型更具竞争优势.     

LncRNA PU.1 AS regulates arsenic-induced lipid metabolism through EZH2/Sirt6/SREBP-1c pathway

Arsenic (As) is an omnipresent metalloid toxicant, which has elicited serious environmental pollution and health risky problems. Previous studies have uncovered that the As exposure could also cause markedly reduction of serum triglycerides in mice. However, the regulation mechanisms are still largely unknown. The present study is aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in As-induced lipid metabolic disequilibrium. We demonstrated that lncRNA PU.1 AS was significantly induced in the liver of As-feed mice companied with lower serum triglycerides contents; further in vitro experiment confirmed that PU.1 AS regulated liver cells lipid accumulation by nile red fluorescence staining. Intensive mechanistic investigations illustrated that PU.1 AS could interact with EZH2 protein to regulate its downstream target gene expression, and As-induced PU.1 AS attenuated EZH2-supppressed Sirt6 expression, thereafter leading to a decreased SREBP-1c protein expression, as well as the diminished synthesis of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study provided a new lncRNA-related regulatory signaling pathway participating in As-induced abnormal lipid metabolism.