固定化好氧菌和厌氧颗粒污泥在不同供氧条件下降解氯酚的研究

将厌氧颗粒污泥和4种氯酚的高效降解菌种固定化后,通过批处理实验较系统地研究了其在有限供氧、完全厌氧及好氧条件下在初始浓度为28和87μmol·L-1五氯苯酚(PCP)的降解过程.结果表明,完全厌氧过程尽管能有效降解低初始浓度PCP,但在高初始浓度下由于厌氧微生物本身缺乏吸收、同化其代谢产物单氯酚(MCP)和二氯酚(DCP)的能力,而导致了有毒代谢产物的积累,阻碍了其完全降解;在有限供氧条件下,通过厌氧颗粒中的厌氧菌群与好氧或兼性菌的协同作用,借助于好氧或兼性菌消除五氯苯酚厌氧过程中产生的抑制性的低氯酚等中间产物,从而使其较完全降解;与完全厌氧过程相比,混合固定化颗粒污泥在有限供氧系统具有较低的残留TOC值.厌氧好氧微生物菌群通过固定化在微环境中有效的结合在有限供氧条件下能完全彻底降解高氯代芳香化合物.     

五氯酚对生物膜活细胞含量及分布的影响研究

以废水处理生物膜为研究对象,建立了表征生物膜细胞活性的磷脂测定方法.研究中采用冷冻切片技术,以150μm为一层,考察生物膜不同深度的磷脂浓度.结果表明,当五氯酚浓度为零时,生物膜磷脂含量随深度方向呈近似的正态分布,磷脂含量的绝对值在(1246.2±217.4)～(527.2±95.3)μg/L之间(n=4),峰值出现在...     

Dynamic simulation and modeling of PCP transport between sediment and water

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Photocatalytic degradation of PCP-Na with TiO2 photocatalysis loaded with platinum

Titanium dioxide(TiO2) samples of different crystal forms were prepared by hydrolysis tetrbutyl titanate in various water to alkoxide ratios and sintering the hydrolysis product at different temperatures.The photocatalysts coated on hollow glass beads and loaded with platinum varying from 0.2% to 2.4% by weight.The photocatalytic degradation rate of sodium pentachlorophenolate (PCP-Na) depends on the preparing conditions such as:sintering temperatures,water to alkoxide ratios(R),platinum content and the size.The proper conditions of preparation photocatalysts are as follows:the ratio of tiO2:sodium silicate:hollow glass beads:platinum is 10:5:20:0.15(w/w),R is 100,sintering temperature is 650℃,and the size of hollow glass is 0.5-1mm.Under these conditions,the ratio between acatase and rutile of the photocatalyst is 2:1,and the photocatalytic activity is high.     

Chloroaromatic pollutants in mussels incubated in two finnish watercourses polluted by industry

Concentrations of different chlorinated compounds were measured in mussels incubated in two polluted watercourses, a river (the River Kymijoki) and a lake (Lake Vanaja) for four weeks in summer 1995. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated phenols (PCP) and biphenyls (PCB) were both about 1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) in Lake Vanaja mussels, while in the River Kymijoki mussels PCPs were non-detectable and PCBs were measured 120 ng/g lIw. The concentrations of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners ranged between <17 and 370 pg/g Iw in Lake Vanaja mussels and between <38 and 11,000 pg/g lw in the River Kymijoki mussels. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) were detected in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki (0.4–1.1 ng/g Iw), but not in those incubated in Lake Vanaja. Polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (PCPA) were measured 33 ng/g lw and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPP) 300 ng/g lw in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki. PCPAs were also detected in reference samples, which were sediment and pike from the River Kymijoki and Baltic salmon, seal and white-tailed sea eagle.     

Molecular characterization of bacterial community in aerobic granular sludge stressed by pentachlorophenol

To characterize the effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the performance and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the web-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time PCR (RT- PCR) techniques were used to explore the bacterial community structure. When PCP increased from 0 to 50 mg/L, the COD removal rate changed little, while the ammonia removal rate dropped from 100% to 64.9%. The results of molecular characterization showed t...     

生活垃圾不同填埋阶段的富里酸对五氯苯酚的降解

采用紫外和红外光谱对不同填埋年限生活垃圾的富里酸(fulvic acid,FA)的结构组成和官能团变化进行分析,并对不同填埋阶段富里酸(FA)的电子转移能力和其对五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol,PCP)的降解能力进行研究.结果表明,以S.oneidensis MR-1作电子供体,同时添加不同阶段填埋富里酸作电子穿梭体可以显著提高PCP的降解率,降解率能达到80%以上.不同填埋阶段富里酸对PCP的降解有不同的还原转化能力的原因是氧化还原性质存在差异.填埋富里酸具有PCP还原转化能力又归因于其具有电子转移能力,这些功能都利于促进PCP还原脱氯.而填埋富里酸电子转移特性主要源于其结构中含有的电子转移功能基团,其中羟基和羧基是填埋过程富里酸分子中重要的活性官能团,其含量高低将影响PCP还原脱氯效率.     

沉积物对菲和五氯酚的吸附性能

研究了菲和五氯酚（PCP）在五种沉积物的吸附解吸行为，菲和PCP在各沉积物上的吸附和解吸都是较快的过程。均能在8h内达到平衡，吸附和解吸结果表明，高有机质含量的沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附和持留能力都较强，菲和PCP在各沉积物中的吸附系数跟沉积物的有机质含量呈线性正相关。等温吸附结果表明，低有机质含量的三种沉积物比有机质含量较高的两种沉积物呈更好的线性关系。不同沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附性能差异跟沉积物的有机质含量密切相关。     

五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的毒性研究

研究了五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的毒性作用。结果表明，五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的生长量、叶绿素含量和藻胆素含量的ＩＣ５０分别是４．２６、０．３６９、１．１３２ｍｇ／Ｌ。实验结果还显示，五氯酚在实际浓度范围内，刺激盐泽螺旋藻的硝酸还原酶的活性，并有随浓度增高，活性增强的趋势。     

Enhanced Photocatalysis of Pentachlorophenol by Metal-Modified Titanium (IV) Oxide

The effects of four metals (Ag, Au, Pt, and Cu) doped on TiO₂ on the photocatalysis of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated. The results of this study indicated that all four metals-doped TiO₂ catalysts were able to enhance the efficiency of PCP photocatalysis with an optimum metallic content of 0.1 wt%. For the metal-doped TiO₂ samples (Au, Pt, and Cu), the patterns of light absorption were significantly extended toward visible light spectra in the wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm. The photocatalysis of PCP was pH dependent with the maximum degradation rate achieved in the solution at pH 3. The formation of chloride ion corresponded with the concentration of PCP degraded which confirmed that dechlorination was the major pathway of PCP photocatalysis. The overall toxicities of PCP samples were reduced with the extension of light exposure using the microtox test. The results of PCP photocatalysis are also discussed based on the characteristics of metal/TiO₂ including X-ray differential (XRD) patterns, Brunquer Emmett Teller (BET) specific area analysis, and Ultra Violet (UV)-Vis absorption spectra.