Enhanced cytotoxicity of pentachlorophenol by perfluorooctane sulfonate or perfluorooctanoic acid in HepG2 cells

Chlorinated phenols and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are two kinds of pollutants which are widely present in the environment. Considering liver is the primary toxic target organ for these two groups of chemicals, it is interesting to evaluate the possible joint effects of them on liver. In this work, the combined toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were investigated using HepG2 cells. The results indicated that PFOS and PFOA could strengthen PCP’s hepatotoxicity. Further studies showed that rather than intensify the oxidative stress or promote the biotransformation of PCP, PFOS (or PFOA) might lead to strengthening of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling of PCP. By measuring the intracellular PCP concentration and the cell membrane properties, it was suggested that PFOS and PFOA could disrupt the plasma membrane and increase the membrane permeability. Thus, more cellular accessibility of PCP was induced when they were co-exposed to PCP and PFOS (or PFOA), leading to increased cytotoxicity. Further research is warranted to better understand the combined toxicity of PFAAs and other environmental pollutants.     

五氯酚和八氯代二苯并二噁英复合暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应

为了评价环境中五氯酚(PCP)和八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD)对水环境以及鱼类的影响,以斑马鱼为模式生物,研究了PCP和OCDD对其胚胎发育的单一及复合毒性效应.结果表明,PCP单独暴露(浓度25μg·L-1～5mg·L-1)对斑马鱼胚胎发育具有较强的毒性效应,可导致胚胎孵化率显著下降,死亡率、畸形率显著上升,而OCDD单独暴露(200、500μg·L-1)对斑马鱼胚胎发育没有明显的毒性效应;OCDD与环境浓度的PCP复合暴露(OCDD+PCP1:250μg·L-1+25μg·L-1;OCDD+PCP2:250μg·L-1+50μg·L-1)对斑马鱼胚胎的存活与发育等没有显著影响,对斑马鱼胚胎内CYP1A基因表达以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活力也没有显著影响,在实验浓度下二者共存没有明显的复合毒性效应。     

土壤及其主要化学组分对五氯酚吸附特征研究

研究了土壤原样及其去锰氧化物、去铁氧化物、去有机质和去水溶性有机质(DOM)土壤样品对五氯酚(PCP)的吸附规律,分析了土壤及其主要化学组分对PCP的吸附机制.实验结果表明,Langmuir方程可较好地描述PCP在各土壤样品上的热力学吸附过程.PCP在土壤上的吸附行为与自身性质和土壤理化性质密切相关,有机质和铁氧化物对PCP的吸附起到促进作用,而锰氧化物和DOM则能在一定程度上抑制PCP的吸附.通过Langmuir方程得到的拟合结果,可判断PCP在各土壤样品上的最大吸附量为去锰氧化物土壤样品＞去铁氧化物土壤样品＞去DOM土壤样品＞土壤原样＞去有机质土壤样品.     

大别山北坡典型区域降水年内分配不均匀性特征研究——以安徽省六安市为例

研究大别山北坡降水年内分配时空特点,对指导区域内科学防灾减灾及水资源管理、调配具有重要的现实意义。利用六安市6个气象站1956~2010年逐日降水资料,基于降水集中度和集中期,探讨近55 a来六安市年降水集中程度的时空特征。结果表明:六安市年降水集中度变化于012~057,多年平均值037,多年平均降水集中期在37~38候。年降水量空间分布由西南向东北减少,集中度呈由南向北递增,集中期由南向北推迟。年降水总量无明显趋势变化,但集中度和汛期降水量的增加趋势显著,汛期发生洪涝灾害的风险加大。年降水量分别在1972、1990年发生一次增多和减少突变,集中度序列在1970年发生了增多突变。年降水量与集中度呈全区一致的正相关,即年降水量越大,降水越集中,相关系数分布由西南山地区向东北岗地圩畈区增加。对降水集中度与汛期旱涝的分析说明,汛期降水异常偏多,集中度偏大,易发洪涝灾害,反之易发旱灾     

Thermal failure of 2/3 PCP in high temperature environment and optimization analysis of stator and rotor meshing parameters

Progressive cavity pump (PCP), which has problems such as invalid and leakage of rubber bushings, is employed in heavy oil field exploitation. In this paper, based on the thermal aging mechanical test of rubber and the fitting precision evaluation result of the constitutive model, the rubber constitutive model is optimized; the finite element model of PCP is established; the deformation law of stator bushing inner wall is quantitatively analyzed by numerical simulation method; and the phenomenon that temperature field distribution and thermal aging failure of stator rubber bushings is revealed. As results: The increase in well depth, which leads to the increase in the overall temperature of the stator bushing and the decrease of the thermal hysteresis, have greatest influence on the temperature of the stator bushing; the interference, which leads the maximum temperature increases first and then decreases, has a great impact on the thermal hysteresis; and the eccentricity have little effect on the thermal hysteresis of the stator bushing. The research results provide theoretical support to optimize stator and rotor parameter matching, recommending applicable working conditions, improving invalid of stator bushing, pump leakage and other issues.     

钛酸四丁酯水解制备TiO_2半导体光催化剂研究

研究了钛酸四丁酯水解制备TiO2 粉末的两大影响因素R值 (R是水和钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比 )和烧结温度 .通过光催化氧化五氯苯酚钠实验 ,结合对催化剂晶型结构、比表面积的表征分析 ,综合评价所制备的催化剂 .实验结果表明 ,当R =10 0、烧结温度为 6 5 0℃、烧结时间为 1h ,钛酸四丁酯水解所制备的TiO2 半导体光催化剂催化活性和使用寿命均比较理想 .从晶型结构分析 ,当催化剂中锐钛矿和金红石按一定比例共存时 ,其催化活性较单一金红石或锐钛矿高 .实验认为锐钛矿与金红石的最佳比约为 2∶1     

大型瑵HB对五氯苯酚的富集与释放动力学研究

大型瑵ＨＢ对五氯苯酚的富集与释放动力学研究谭渝云，孙美娟（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉，４３００７２）关键词大型；动力学；富集：释放；五氯苯酚．五氯苯酚（ＰＣＰ）是一种应用十分广泛的杀虫剂和防腐剂，Ｄｅｔｒｉｃｋ报道了世界上ＰＣＰ每年施用量约为９×...     

Effect of organic fractions on sorption properties of organic pollutants in sediments

Humic substrates are a major fraction of sediment organic matters, and the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by humic substrates influences their behavior and fate in sediment. In this paper, organic matters were divided into non-humic substrates and humic substrates. Non-humic substrates include acid leaching fraction, acid extracted fraction, and lipid; humic substrates were fractionated into Ca-binding-FA(fulvic acid), Ca-binding-HA (humic acid), oxide-FA, oxide-HA, and humin. To study the effect of organic fractions on sorption properties, sorption kinetic and equilibrium sorption experiments of phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol(PCP) in five sediments were carried out. The results showed that the contents of acid leaching fraction and oxide-binding-HA were the main fractions to affect the sorption rate constant, and for the sorption capacity of phenanthrene, humin was the major fraction, followed by oxide-binding-HA, oxidebinding-FA, and so on. While for PCP, the factors of influence on sorption capacity were mainly CEC, Ca-binding-FA, and Ca-binding-HA.     

低浓度五氯酚暴露对稀有鮈鲫体内SOD活性、GSH和HSP70含量的影响

为筛选检测低浓度五氯酚(PCP)对水生生物毒性效应较敏感的指标,将稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)暴露于浓度分别为0.5、1.5、5.0、15和50μg·L-1的PCP中2、7、14、21d,同时设乙醇对照组,检测稀有鮈鲫体内(整体匀浆)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、热激蛋白70(HSP70)含量等生化指标.结果表明,相同暴露时间下,随着PCP暴露浓度的升高,SOD活性均表现为先抑制后激活趋势,GSH和HSP70含量无明显变化;相同暴露浓度下,随着PCP暴露时间的延长,SOD活性均表现为先激活后抑制趋势,GSH和HSP70含量无明显变化.初步认定相对于GSH、HSP70含量,SOD活性的变化可以更有效地反映低浓度PCP对稀有鮈鲫的毒性效应.     

石墨烯-TiO2光催化剂复合板制备及其对五氯酚的催化降解

针对基于石墨烯-TiO_2的光催化剂多为粉末状,用于处理实际淋洗液时难以有效回收这一问题,研究以氧化石墨烯和粉末TiO_2为前期物使用水热法结合类溶胶凝胶涂布法制备出了可重复使用的石墨烯-TiO_2纳米管复合板,复合板的宏观形貌均一,催化剂在板的大部分区域上以层数较少的形式负载.应用制备的复合板对土壤淋洗液体系中的五氯酚(pentachlorophenol,PCP)进行光催化降解,在太阳光照下可在30 min内完全去除污染物,比无催化剂条件下的降解速率提高5倍以上;以氙灯作为模拟太阳光源,降解速率提高10倍.复合板经长时间浸泡和重复使用后,光催化活性无明显下降,具有长期使用的潜力.复合板的制备解决了催化剂的固定化问题,有利于分离回收等后续处理.