新生态MnO2吸附法处理水溶性阴离子染料废水的研究

研究了各种水溶性阴离子染料在新生态MnO2表面的脱色作用。结果表明,9种不同模拟染料废水(包括直接染料、酸性媒介染料、活性染料)的脱色效果均十分显著．且脱色过程受pH的影响较大。另外。通过CHN元素分析、差热分析、紫外光谱及滴定分析等测试手段．初步认为在酸性介质下．新生MnO2质子化的表面可以吸附阴离子型染料,从而将其去除。     

China’s carbon neutrality: an extensive and profound systemic reform

● China has pledged ambitious carbon peak and neutrality goals for mitigating global climate change. ● Major challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in China are summarized. ● The new opportunities along the pathway of China’s carbon neutrality are discussed from four aspects. ● Five policy suggestions for China are provided. China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world, the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change. The transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China, and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic development. Here, we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China, but also identify the four potential new opportunities: namely, the acceleration of technology innovations, narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources, transforming the industrial structure, and co-benefits of pollution and carbon mitigation. Finally, we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation, and the joint efforts among the government, the enterprises, and the residents.     

新疆油田高含硫化氢区块污染防治措施研究

针对车89井区的高含硫问题,新疆油田研究出化学除硫、负压闪蒸除硫和催化曝气除硫技术以及相关的配套工艺,并成功进行了现场试验;同时,为杜绝在车89井区环境敏感区域内污染事故的发生,新疆油田加大内外环保宣传软硬件建设力度,并依据专业评价实施了一系列防控管理措施,达到了预防在先、技术在先、管理在先的工作目标。     

改性Ti/SnO2-Sb电极催化降解1,4-二氯苯废水试验研究

采用聚合物前驱体法制备了未掺杂、掺杂Cu、掺杂Bi、掺杂Ni的4种Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极,运用SEM和XRD分析电极表面形貌及结构,通过线性极化扫描、循环伏安等测试考察其电化学性能,同时进行1,4二氯苯(p-DCB)降解实验进一步探究电极的电催化氧化特性.SEM和XRD结果表明,掺杂金属可改善电极表面形貌,增大其比表面积;电化学测试表明,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极的析氧电位并未因金属掺杂而有明显改变,掺杂金属后,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极具有更优的电催化活性和稳定性.p-DCB降解实验表明,改性Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极对p-DCB的降解效率明显提高,其中Ti/Sn O2-Sb-Cu电极的电催化处理效果最优,电解2 h后p-DCB的去除率即达到87.6%,且p-DCB的降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-HCH contaminated soil induced by α-Fe2O3 and TiO2

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH on soil surfaces was carried out to evaluate the photocatalytic effectiveness of α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 toward degrading γ-HCH on soil surfaces. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples were loaded with α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 and exposed to UV-light irradiation. Different catalyst loads(0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% (wt). α-Fe2O3; 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% wt. TiO2) were tested for up to 7 d irradiation. The effects of soil thickness, acidity, and humic substances were also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the γ-HCH photodegradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 accelerates the photodegradation of γ-HCH, while the photodegradation rate decreases when the content of α-Fe2O3 exceeds 7%(wt.). The degradation rate increases with the soil pH value. Humic substances inhibit the photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH. Pentachlorocyclohexene, tetrachlorocyclohexene, and trichlorobenzene are detected as photodegradation intermediates, which are gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

混凝法处理表面活性剂废水的水力影响

以含1 mg/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的20 NTU高岭土悬浊液为研究对象,投加聚合铝PAC进行强化混凝实验,探讨了水力条件对含SDBS废水处理效果及其混凝形态学特性的影响。结果表明,偏碱性条件有利于浊度去除,而偏酸性条件下SDBS去除率较高;在试验确定的最佳工艺条件下,处理后废水余浊低,表面活性剂去除率较高,絮体大而密实,不易破碎,分维值较高;助凝剂纳米SiO2能进一步改善最优水力条件下PAC的强化混凝效果。     

气体ClO_2对空气中甲醛去除效果的研究

研究高纯度气体ClO2对空气中甲醛气体的去除效果。主要考查了气体ClO2浓度、反应时间及甲醛初始浓度对甲醛去除率的影响。实验结果表明,甲醛去除率随ClO2浓度的增加而提高,当甲醛初始质量浓度为2.4 mg/m3,ClO2质量浓度达到1.8 mg/m3时,甲醛去除率达到99.5%,且甲醛的去除率随反应时间的延长而提高,但30 min后去除率趋于平稳达到99.7%;ClO2对甲醛的去除率随甲醛初始浓度的升高出现先上升后下降的趋势。     

闽江河口短叶茳芏湿地CH4和N2 O排放对氮输入的短期响应

利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了氮输入对闽江河口短叶茳芏湿地CH4和N2O排放通量的短期影响.结果表明,高氮输入在不同采样时间均促进了湿地CH4排放,低氮输入在不同时间则具有不同的变化特征.与对照处理相比,低氮和高氮2种处理分别使湿地CH4排放通量增加了-44.35%～1 057.35%和7.15%～667.37%.外源氮输入在24 h内对湿地N2O排放通量具有明显的正激发效应,最高可增加171.60倍和177.79倍,但在8 d后,氮输入对湿地N2O排放的激发效应减弱甚至消失.氮输入在短时间内对湿地土壤Ec、pH和Eh均未产生显著影响.湿地CH4排放通量在对照处理下仅与5 cm Eh存在显著负相关,在低氮处理下仅与10 cm地温呈显著负相关,在高氮处理下则与5 cm Ec、0、5 cm pH以及0、5、10 cm土壤Eh均呈显著相关性,而N2O排放通量在不同处理下与湿地气温、地温、盐度、pH和Eh等环境因子均不存在显著相关性.研究表明,探讨氮输入对湿地温室气体排放的影响应考虑其时间变异性.