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21.
为了预防外浮顶罐密封圈雷击火灾,提出在密封圈内充入氮气的保护方法.将安全含氧量作为充氮的惰化目标,对外浮顶罐充氮管网进行设计,并通过试验来验证充氮管网的有效性.试验得到了充氮流量、进出气孔数量及管径与有效充氮时间的关系.若以142 m3/h的流量对容量为10×104 m3的外浮顶罐密封圈内充氮,则46.5 min内可以达到充氮惰化目标.雷电预警时间为60 ~ 90 min的条件下,充氮时间小于预警时间,表明所设计的管网是有效的. 相似文献
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张云朋 《安全.健康和环境》2019,19(3):20-22
分析了多起石化行业因果设备机械密封泄漏引发的重大火灾事故原因,研究表明:机械密封泄漏的诱发因素多是泵轴承严重故障后,机械密封过度磨损导致密封失效,使高温油料泄漏。为有效防范机械密封泄漏事故,提出防范措施:一是要加强泵轴承的监测,及时发现泵轴承存在的问题,避免泵轴承长期带病运行;二是要加强机泵组的联锁控制,当轴承出现严重故障后,能使机泵组及时停车,避免机械密封过度磨损导致泄漏。 相似文献
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Shifting elasmobranch community assemblage at Cocos Island—an isolated marine protected area
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Easton R. White Mark C. Myers Joanna Mills Flemming Julia K. Baum 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):1186-1197
Fishing pressure has increased the extinction risk of many elasmobranch (shark and ray) species. Although many countries have established no‐take marine reserves, a paucity of monitoring data means it is still unclear if reserves are effectively protecting these species. We examined data collected by a small group of divers over the past 21 years at one of the world's oldest marine protected areas (MPAs), Cocos Island National Park, Costa Rica. We used mixed effects models to determine trends in relative abundance, or probability of occurrence, of 12 monitored elasmobranch species while accounting for variation among observers and from abiotic factors. Eight of 12 species declined significantly over the past 2 decades. We documented decreases in relative abundance for 6 species, including the iconic scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) (?45%), whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) (?77%), mobula ray (Mobula spp.) (?78%), and manta ray (Manta birostris) (?89%), and decreases in the probability of occurrence for 2 other species. Several of these species have small home ranges and should be better protected by an MPA, which underscores the notion that declines of marine megafauna will continue unabated in MPAs unless there is adequate enforcement effort to control fishing. In addition, probability of occurrence at Cocos Island of tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier), Galapagos (Carcharhinus galapagensis), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), and whale (Rhincodon typus) sharks increased significantly. The effectiveness of MPAs cannot be evaluated by examining single species because population responses can vary depending on life history traits and vulnerability to fishing pressure. 相似文献
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Research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in Oceania's small‐island developing states
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For conservation science to effectively inform management, research must focus on creating the scientific knowledge required to solve conservation problems. We identified research questions that, if answered, would increase the effectiveness of conservation and natural resource management practice and policy in Oceania's small‐island developing states. We asked conservation professionals from academia, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations across the region to propose such questions and then identify which were of high priority in an online survey. We compared the high‐priority questions with research questions identified globally and for other regions. Of 270 questions proposed by respondents, 38 were considered high priority, including: What are the highest priority areas for conservation in the face of increasing resource demand and climate change? How should marine protected areas be networked to account for connectivity and climate change? What are the most effective fisheries management policies that contribute to sustainable coral reef fisheries? High‐priority questions related to the particular challenges of undertaking conservation on small‐island developing states and the need for a research agenda that is responsive to the sociocultural context of Oceania. Research priorities for Oceania relative to elsewhere were broadly similar but differed in specific issues relevant to particular conservation contexts. These differences emphasize the importance of involving local practitioners in the identification of research priorities. Priorities were reasonably well aligned among sectoral groups. Only a few questions were widely considered answered, which may indicate a smaller‐than‐expected knowledge‐action gap. We believe these questions can be used to strengthen research collaborations between scientists and practitioners working to further conservation and natural resource management in this region. 相似文献
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天津港运输船舶大气污染物排放清单 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
运输船舶产生的大气污染物对港口大气环境有重要影响,但我国对这部分内容的研究却相当薄弱.本文首先对天津港运输船舶的总体情况进行调研,根据其排放控制技术水平合理选择了排放因子;而后采用基于燃料消耗的方法,对2006年天津港运输船舶排放的NOx、HC、CO和PM_(10)进行了计算,建立了天津港运输船舶大气污染物的排放清单;最后对2010年和2020年天津港的运输船舶大气污染排放情况进行了预测.该清单的估算和预测可以为加强排放控制和制定相关法规提供重要依据. 相似文献
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Sex differences in mass loss rate and growth efficiency in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups at Macquarie Island 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Christophe Guinet Simon D. Goldsworthy Sue Robinson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(3):157-163
We investigated the relationship between the mass gained by a pup during a period of maternal attendance (as an index of
milk intake) and the duration of the preceding foraging trip in relation to the mass-specific rate of mass loss during fasting
periods and the growth rate of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups at Macquarie Island. We found that (1) serially weighed male pups grew significantly faster than females pups and that
(2) fasting female pups lost mass at a significantly higher rate (2.55% day−1) than male pups (2.12% day−1) of the same mass; (3) during periods of maternal attendance, there were no intersexual differences in the amount of mass
gained by pups of the same size, hence (4) female pups required a higher daily mass gain to grow at the same rate as male
pups. Our results show that intersexual differences in growth rate may be accounted for by intersexual differences in mass-specific
rate of mass loss, because females lost 0.42% more of their total mass per day (i.e. 4.2 g kg−1 day−1) compared with male pups of the same body mass. Despite intersexual differences in growth rates, our results indicate equality
of maternal expenditure between the sexes. Intersexual differences in the rate of mass loss may be due to differences in the
metabolic rate, activity level and/or body composition of male and female pups.
Received: 19 August 1998 / Received in revised form: 19 April 1999 / Accepted: 19 April 1999 相似文献