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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
111.
Yang Ding Huanfang Huang Wei Chen Yuan Zhang Wenwen Chen Xinli Xing Shihua Qi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(5):453-464
Long-range atmospheric transport(LRAT) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) in remote regions. When studying the LRAT of POPs on the Tibetan Plateau, westerly-controlled regions have received insufficient attention compared with regions influenced by the Indian monsoon or air flow from East Asia. We investigated the residual levels of POPs in soils from the eastern Pamirs and used air backward trajectory analysis to elucidate the influence of potential so... 相似文献
112.
以江苏省某示范企业为例,对废线路板退锡和粉碎2个处理阶段的有组织、无组织废气以及废线路板处理余物中的持久性有毒物质(PTS)进行检测,并对其环境释放特征进行分析。结果表明,退锡阶段无组织废气中氯代二噁英类物质的浓度显著高于有组织废气,粉碎阶段有机和无机PTS浓度均高于退锡阶段,无机PTS的环境释放主要为悬浮颗粒物中的Pb、Cd、Cr及其化合物。通过PTS物质流分析可知,无机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%~22. 0%)高于有机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%~1. 0%),在金属和非金属粉末中含有大量的有机PTS。提出,采用自动化设施,减少工人的车间工作时间,降低其职业暴露风险,并关注废线路板处理余物的后续使用与处理。 相似文献
113.
114.
Zhenyu Tian Haifeng Li Huiting Xie Chen Tang Ying Han Mengjing Wang Wenbin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):2041-2047
Concentrations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in soil samples from Tibetan Plateau were determined. The average concentration of total 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was(2.30 ± 1.02) pg/g, and World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalency(WHO-TEQ) average concentration was(0.013 ± 0.010)pg WHO-TEQ/g. The average concentration of ∑PCBs(7 indicator PCB and 12 dioxin like-PCB congeners) was(16.2 ± 9.25) pg/g, and WHO-TEQ average concentration was 0.043 ±0.049 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Comparing to previous studies in similar environmental conditions,PCDD/Fs and PCBs in this study showed a relatively lower concentration. The altitude dependences of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were also studied. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized concentrations presented a quadratic relation with the altitudes, and an inflection could be found on the parabola of the total concentrations and some congeners of high concentration.The concentrations decreased with altitudes below about 4500 m above sea level(a.s.l.), while they increased with altitudes above it. These phenomena indicate that cold condensation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs would happen above 4500 m a.s.l, on the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
115.
Yang Zhang Zheng Peng Zhaomin Dong Mujie Wang Chen Jiang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):152
116.
Concentration and fate of persistent organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments using headspace solid-phase microextraction 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The concentration and fate of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in estuarine surface sediments in Erh-jen and Lan-yang rivers, Taiwan were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME) method to evaluate the possible pollution potential and guideline for OCP concentrations in Taiwan. The HSSPME method exhibits a good analytical performance with low detection limits for OCP determination in sediment. In addition, results obtained using the developed HSSPME method were in good agreement with those obtained using Soxhlet extraction in a certified sample. The developed analytical method was further applied to the determination of concentrations of OCP residues in surface sediments from the estuaries of the selected rivers in Taiwan. A total of 20 surface sediments from each river was collected from 10 sampling stations. The total OCP concentrations in sediments from Erh-jen River ranged from 0.17 to 5.04 ng/g-dw with the mean values of 0.25–1.24 ng/g-dw for HCHs, 0.10–0.89 ng/g-dw for cyclodienes and 0.16–0.64 ng/g-dw for DDTs. The concentrations of OCPs in sediments from Lan-yang River were in the range 0.37–0.9 ng/g-dw with an average of lower than 0.5 ng/g-dw. HCHs and DDTs were abundant in the estuarine sediments from the selected rivers. Results obtained in this study show that the origin of OCPs in the surface sediments from Erh-jen River is a combination of erosion of the weathered soils and long-range atmospheric transport, while the OCP concentrations found in Lan-yang River could be regarded as the background levels of OCPs in Taiwan. 相似文献
117.
Lisa A. Totten Georgiy Stenchikov Cari L. Gigliotti Nilesh Lahoti Steven J. Eisenreich 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):7940-7952
Atmospheric transport and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is an important problem for ecosystems around the world. Data from several monitoring networks demonstrate that atmospheric PCB concentrations are dramatically elevated in urban areas compared to rural or background regions, such that these urban emissions of PCBs support the regional and global transport and deposition of PCBs to more remote areas. Identifying and controlling the sources of urban atmospheric PCBs is thus essential in minimizing the regional and global transport and deposition of these compounds. From December 1999 to November 2000, gas-phase PCB concentrations were measured at two monitoring locations, 8 km apart, within the New York City metropolitan area, at Jersey City and Bayonne, NJ. Concentrations, congener patterns, and temporal patterns of PCBs differ dramatically at the two sites, suggesting that a significant source of atmospheric PCBs exists within 8 km of the Bayonne site, resulting in spikes in gas-phase PCB concentration at Bayonne that are not observed at Jersey City. The Regional Atmospheric Model System (RAMS) coupled with the Hybrid Particle and Concentration Transport model (HYPACT) was used to estimate that the PCB source near Bayonne emits a flux of ΣPCBs on the order of 100 g d−1. Extrapolation of this source magnitude to the area of New York City suggests that this urban area emits at least 300 kg yr−1 ΣPCBs to the regional atmosphere, similar in magnitude to the flow of ΣPCB out of the Upper Hudson River into the New York/New Jersey Harbor. 相似文献
118.
Organochlorine pesticides in the ambient air of Chiapas, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alegria H Bidleman TF Figueroa MS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):483-491
Organochlorine (OC) pesticides were measured in the ambient air of Chiapas, Mexico during 2000-2001. Concentrations of some OC pesticides (DDTs, chlordanes, toxaphene) were elevated compared with levels in the Great Lakes region, while those of other pesticides were not (hexachlorocyclohexanes, dieldrin). While this suggests southern Mexico as a source region for the former group of chemicals, comparably high levels have also been reported in parts of the southern United States, where their suspected sources are soil emissions (DDTs, toxaphene) and termiticide usage (chlordane). Ratios of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE and trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane/trans-nonachlor (TC/CC/TN) in Chiapas suggest a mixture of fresh and weathered sources, while congener profiles of toxaphene suggest emission of old residues from soils. This is supported by air parcel back trajectory analysis, which indicated that air masses over Chiapas at the time of sampling had previously passed over areas of continuing or recent use of some OC pesticides as well as areas of past use. 相似文献
119.
Wang X Wu J Hao Y Zhu B Shi W Hu G Han X Giesy JP Yu H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2720-2725
Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts of the surface water from the Tai section of the Yangtze River was assessed by in vitro cytotoxity assays and selected persistent organic pollutants including PCBs, OCPs and PAHs were quantified by instrumental analysis. Eleven of the US EPA priority PAHs were detected. Individual PAHs were found to range from 0.7 to 20 ng/L. Concentrations of BaP did not exceed the national drinking water source quality standard of China. However, a 286-fold concentrated organic extract induced significant reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. The morphology of cells, MTT assay and LDH release assay were all affected by exposure to the organic extracts of water. The results of the reproductive toxicity indicated that PAHs posed the greatest risk of the chemicals studied. The compounds present in the water could be bioconcentrated and result in adverse effects. 相似文献
120.
Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Decades ago, agrochemicals were introduced aiming at enhancing crop yields and at protecting crops from pests. Due to adaptation and resistance developed by pests to chemicals, every year higher amounts and new chemical compounds are used to protect crops, causing undesired side effects and raising the costs of food production. Eventually, new techniques, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs) resistant to pests, could halt the massive spread of agrochemicals in agriculture fields. Biological chemical-free agriculture is gaining also more and more support but it is still not able to respond to the need for producing massive amounts of food. The use of agrochemicals, including pesticides, remains a common practice especially in tropical regions and South countries. Cheap compounds, such as DDT, HCH and lindane, that are environmentally persistent, are today banned from agriculture use in developed countries, but remain popular in developing countries. As a consequence, persistent residues of these chemicals contaminate food and disperse in the environment. Coordinated efforts are needed to increase the production of food but with a view to enhanced food quality and safety as well as to controlling residues of persistent pesticides in the environment. 相似文献