工业灰渣高温相平衡分析和数学处理

硅酸盐工业灰渣的基本化学成人是ＣａＯ、ＳｉＯ２，Ａｌ２Ｏ３等，目前主要用于生产水泥等建筑材料， 西方对工业灰渣ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３三元系高钙相平衡过程进行了分析讨论和数学处理。     

Growth substrate selection and biodegradation of PCP by New Zealand white-rot fungi

Nine New Zealand native white-rot fungi were studied for their ability to grow and survive on different substrates formulated from bark, wheat straw, sawdust, apple pomace and maize products in order to identify their pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation potential and to select a fungal carrier for bioaugmentation of polluted soils. Isolates were also evaluated to mineralize (14)C-PCP in liquid culture and in soil. The American fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium outgrew the native fungi on the substrates tested, but the high colonisation did not result in superior PCP dechlorination as measured by chloride release. Whilst Trametes versicolor inocula produced on wheat straw and SCS (sawdust-corn meal-starch-mix) gave the highest chloride release, colonization of these two substrates as measured by biological potential was lower compared to the pomace and pomace-sawdust-mix. Neither lignin peroxidase nor manganese peroxidase production were measured for New Zealand white-rot fungi during the experiments. Laccase was the only enzyme detected. In liquid culture, the mineralisation rate was higher for T. versicolor isolates compared to P. chyrysoporium. Very little to no pentachloroanisole (PCA) was captured in the volatile fraction of T. versicolor isolates, whereas 75% of the volatile fraction of P. chrysosporium consisted of PCA. The soil microcosms studies, using contaminated soil from a timber treatment site, clearly showed that the New Zealand T. versicolor isolates mineralized PCP. Degradation of PCP in non-sterile soil was higher in the presence of white-rot fungi than in soil without white-rot fungus. This demonstrates that viable white-rot fungus is necessary for significant PCP degradation and that T. versicolor isolates showed PCP remediation potential. Wheat straw and SCS could be suitable carriers for New Zealand native T. versicolor isolates for bioremediation of PCP polluted soil sites.     

毛细管气相色谱测定土壤、麦粒和麦秆中燕麦畏残留量

本文用毛细管气相色谱方法测定了燕麦畏在土壤、麦秆和麦粒中的残留量。样品用异辛烷和异丙醇混合溶剂提取，方法的回收率在８２～１０２％之间。相对标准偏差小于７８％。     

利用自养煤矸石砖技术治理铬渣初步研究

本研究通过焙烧试验 ,对利用自养煤矸石砖技术治理铬渣进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,在自养煤矸石砖的焙烧过程中 ,其中炭和自身热量能将铬渣中六价铬还原成 (三价铬 )。本研究确定了该铬渣治理方法工艺简单、成本低、解毒彻底、稳定性强 ,具有广泛的应用前景。     

An evaluation of landfill disposal of asbestos-containing waste and geothermal residues within a risk-assessment framework

 The public perception of risks related to waste disposal facilities appears to reflect general societal anxieties and fears, which may not have a reasonable basis. A three-tier risk assessment study was therefore conducted to evaluate the landfill disposal of asbestos-containing waste (ACW) and geothermal residues. From the tier-1 analysis, the dominant asbestiform phase was identified as chrysotile, that is tightly bound in the matrix of calcite, while arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead were identified as the chemicals of potential concern associated with geothermal residues. From the tier-2 analysis, none of the possible exposure pathways associated with the landfill disposal of ACW was found to be potentially significant. On the other hand, there were potentially significant pathways associated with landfill disposal of geothermal residues because of the considerable potential pollution impact of leachate on soil and groundwater quality. From the tier-3 analysis, the health risk associated with landfill disposal of geothermal residues was found to be time-dependent, since the contributions to risk from water-dependent and water-independent pathways occur at different times, as indicated by RESRAD–Chem simulations. Component pathway analyses were performed to identify critical exposure pathways. The results from model sensitivity analysis have identified the input parameters that have the most influence on the time of peak risk, and the cancer risk associated with water-dependent and water-independent pathways. Received: July 9, 2002 / Accepted: October 17, 2002     

多环芳烃在全土及其碱提残余物上的吸附行为

以菲和芘为代表性化合物,采用8种有机质含量不同的天然全土样品及其碱提残余物进行吸附实验,并利用不同吸附模型进行数据拟合,藉以探讨有机质含量对土壤吸附行为的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附模型的非线性指数n都小于1,显示全土和碱提残余物在多环芳烃的吸附过程中表现出非线性特征.菲和芘的吸附行为随土壤有机质含量不同而变化,碱提残余物的吸附能力强于全土,两者吸附行为的差异主要归因于土壤有机质含量和性状的区别.     

固相萃取小柱净化-气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中α-六六六,β-六六六,γ-六六六,δ-六六六,硫丹,p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDT,三氯杀螨醇,甲氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,联苯菊酯,氟氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,溴氰菊酯等16种农药残留量的方法.16种农药的残留组分在25min内能很好分离.标准加入回收率在81.2%-111.9%之间;方法变异系数2.9%-14.9%(0.01-0.1μg·ml-1,n= 6),检出下限在0.08-0.44μg·kg-1之间.     

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.     

Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Fruits

Fruit samples of ber, grapes and guava analysed for pesticide residues employing multiresidue analysis by gas liquid chromatography equipped with ECD and NPD detectors and capillary columns showed contamination with organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. Among organochlorines, HCH, DDT and endosulfan were detected in almost all the samples. Residues of HCH and DDT were maximum in ber followed by grapes and guava where as of endosulfan were maximum in guava followed by grapes and ber. All the fruit samples showed the presence of residues with one or the other group of pesticides. Residues of none of the pesticides exceeded the MRL values in any sample. On the basis of these studies, it is suggested that monitoring studies should be extended to other fruits grown in different agro climatic regions which may serve as basis for future policy in chemical use.     

四溴双酚A在土壤中的降解转化及残留研究进展

四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)是全球生产量最大的溴代阻燃剂,广泛应用于电子产品和塑料等高分子材料的生产中.由于高的亲脂性及环境稳定性,TBBPA在土壤中易于累积.土壤作为污染物主要的汇之一,污染物在土壤中的环境过程和归趋对正确评价污染物的环境风险至关重要.本文综述了土壤中TBBPA...