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排序方式: 共有1393条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
992.
为探索安全经济利用重金属中度-重度污染农田的模式,在浙江某典型重金属复合污染农田开展了能源植物(甜高粱Sweet sorghum、甘蔗Saccharum sinensisRoxb.、香根草Vetiveria和盐肤木Rhus chinensis)种植示范研究.结果表明,经施加0.1%的石灰和0.2%的磷矿粉改良后,土壤p... 相似文献
993.
土壤中石油类检测前处理方法的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以四氯化碳为萃取剂,选择振荡提取和浸泡提取两种前处理方法,采用红外光度法测定土壤中石油类.考察了两种提取方法对土壤样品测定结果的影响,推荐振荡提取时间为9h,振荡频率为150次/min;推荐浸泡提取时间为16 h. 相似文献
994.
地表水中石油类红外法与紫外法测定结果的比对 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
温晓丹 《环境监测管理与技术》2001,13(5):31-33
进行了红外光度法与紫外分光光度法测定混合油样、闽江干流水样和内河水样中石油类的比对试验 ,试验表明 ,两法所测结果相差较大 ,以红外法所得结果较符合水体实际情况 ,提出了红外光度法测定时的注意事项 相似文献
995.
Michelle Kozlowski 《Local Environment》2016,21(10):1288-1304
Environmental justice addresses inequitable distributions of health risks from exposure to pollution and other hazards. Appalachian residents of southeastern Ohio who live along the Ohio River are disproportionately subject to industrial pollution. Of particular concern is the DuPont Washington Works plant where perfluorooctanoic acid, or C8, was used to make consumer products. Although company officials became aware in 1984 that the water supply of Little Hocking, Ohio, was tainted with C8 coming from its plant, residents were not notified until 2002. Subsequent studies determined a number of health problems, including cancer, are linked to residents’ exposure. This qualitative study asked Little Hocking residents and environmental regulators if they consider C8 contamination in Little Hocking an injustice. Results indicate a lack of consensus – even among affected residents – concerning DuPont's® actions as constituting an injustice. This finding, among others, is used to argue that many residents in Little Hocking, through their association with DuPont®, benefit from class-based forms of privilege and seek to maintain them in the context of immobility and economic uncertainty. This explains why some communities may be considered an environmental justice community from an academic standpoint, but not self-identify as such. However, maintaining privilege at the local scale in the context of weak regulation enhances exploitation in Little Hocking while contributing to power at extra-local scales. Thus, environmental justice activists in white, working-class communities must overcome the challenge posed by privilege that defends the contaminated status quo. 相似文献
996.
997.
纺织品抗拒挥发性有机化合物沾染整理方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
频繁接触挥发性有机化合物的工厂作业岗位上的工人,所穿着的服装容易粘附有害的有机物质分子,进而危害工人的健康。为解决这一问题,本文探索采用变化服装面料的织造工艺、面料织物与聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜复合以及含氟织物整理剂整理等方法,制作具有一定抗挥发性有机化合物沾染性能的防护服面料。实验中对不同纤维原料的织物,在未经整理和进行覆膜或含氟织物整理剂整理后,分别剪取样品放置在充满有机气体的氛围中熏蒸24小时,用二硫化碳萃取布料上的有机物,并使用气相色谱分析仪分析这些物质的含量。经过比较,发现克重较低、与聚四氟乙烯膜复合以及经含氟织物整理剂整理的布料,其抗拒挥发性有机化学物质沾染的能力均有所增强。综合使用这些处理方法,有望制作出具有理想的抗有机化学物质沾染的防护工作服,用于经常接触这类物质的工厂工人的日常劳动防护。 相似文献
998.
Simulation and optimization technologies for petroleum waste management and remediation process control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leakage and spill of petroleum hydrocarbons from underground storage tanks and pipelines have posed significant threats to groundwater resources across many petroleum-contaminated sites. Remediation of these sites is essential for protecting the soil and groundwater resources and reducing risks to local communities. Although many efforts have been made, effective design and management of various remediation systems are still challenging to practitioners. In recent years, the subsurface simulation model has been combined with techniques of optimization to address important problems of contaminated site management. The combined simulation-optimization system accounts for the complex behavior of the subsurface system and identifies the best management strategy under consideration of the management objectives and constraints. During the past decades, a large number of studies were conducted to simulate contaminant flow and transport in the subsurface and seek cost-effective remediation designs. This paper gives a comprehensive review on recent developments, advancements, challenges, and barriers associated with simulation and optimization techniques in supporting process control of petroleum waste management and site remediation. A number of related methodologies and applications were examined. Perspectives of effective site management were investigated, demonstrating many demanding areas for enhanced research efforts, which include issues of data availability and reliability, concerns in uncertainty, necessity of post-modeling analysis, and usefulness of development of process control techniques. 相似文献
999.
David Werner Hrissi K. Karapanagioti Patrick Hhener 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,108(1-2):54-63
A partitioning tracer test based on gas-phase diffusion in the vadose zone yields estimates of the residual nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturation. The present paper investigates this technique further by studying diffusive tracer breakthrough curves in the vadose zone for a heterogeneous NAPL distribution. Tracer experiments were performed in a lysimeter with a horizontal layer of artificial kerosene embedded in unsaturated sand. Tracer disappearance curves at the injection point and tracer breakthrough curves at some distance from the injection point were measured inside and outside of the NAPL layer. A numerical code was used to generate independent model predictions based on the physicochemical sand, NAPL, and tracer properties. The measured and modeled tracer breakthrough curves were in good agreement confirming the validity of important modeling assumptions such as negligible sorption of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) tracers to the uncontaminated sand and their fast reversible partitioning between the soil air and the NAPL phase. Subsequently, the model was used to investigate different configurations of NAPL contamination. The experimental and model results show that the tracer disappearance curves of a single-well diffusive partitioning tracer test (DPTT) are dominated by the near-field presence of NAPL around the tip of the soil gas probe. In contrast, breakthrough curves of inter-well tracer tests reflect the NAPL saturation in between the probes, although there is no unique interpretation of the tracer signals if the NAPL distribution is heterogeneous. Numerical modeling is useful for the planning of a DPTT application. Simulations suggest that several cubic meters of soil can be investigated with a single inter-well partitioning tracer test of 24-hour duration by placing the injection point in the center of the investigated soil volume and probes at up to 1 m distance for the monitoring of gaseous tracers. 相似文献
1000.
Hsu-Wen Hung G. Daniel Sheng Tsair-Fuh Lin Yuhong Su Cary T. Chiou 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):2928-2932
Concentrations of organic contaminants in common productive soils based on the total soil mass give a misleading account of actual contamination effects. This is attributed to the fact that productive soils are essentially water-saturated, with the result that the soil uptake of organic compounds occurs principally by partition into the soil organic matter (SOM). This report illustrates that the soil contamination intensity of a compound is governed by the concentration in the SOM (Com) rather than by the concentration in whole soil (Cs). Supporting data consist of the measured levels and toxicities of many pesticides in soils of widely differing SOM contents and the related levels in in-situ crops that defy explanation by the Cs values. This SOM-based index is timely needed for evaluating the contamination effects of food crops grown in different soils and for establishing a dependable priority ranking for intended remediation of numerous contamination sites. 相似文献