苯酚降解菌的分离及降解特性研究

从扬子乙烯集团废水处理系统曝气池中的活性污泥驯化分离得到一株能快速降解苯酚的菌株,初步鉴定其为假单胞菌属菌株。该菌株在5℃-35℃范围内时都可以有效降解并矿化200mg／L的苯酚,最适宜的生长温度为25℃左右;菌株在pH为5～9范围内可以降解200mg／L的苯酚,偏碱性的条件下比酸性条件更适合细菌生长;培养过程中振荡速率大于120r／m时降解速率最大。当苯酚的初始浓度超过1000mg／L时,降解菌的生长受到抑制,不能有效降解苯酚。     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水的研究

利用Fenton试剂对吉林某化工厂产生的苯酚废水进行试验研究,探讨了H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O、pH值、反应时间等因素对苯酚废水中COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,受到影响因素的作用大小顺序为H2O2〉FeSO4·7H2O〉pH〉反应时间。并确定Fenton处理此类苯酚废水时最佳的运行条件为：H2O2=8mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O=1．5g／L,pH=3．5,反应时间为40min,且此条件下COD去除率为79％。     

Biogeochemical characterisation of a coal tar distillate plume

The distillation of acidified coal tars for up to 50 years has given rise to a phenol plume approximately 500 m long, 50 m deep and containing up to 15 g l(-1) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Triassic Sandstones aquifer. A conceptual biogeochemical model based on chemical and microbiological analysis of groundwater samples has been developed as a preliminary to more detailed studies of the controls on natural attenuation. While the development of redox zones and the production of methane and carbon dioxide provide evidence of natural attenuation, it appears that degradation is slow. The existence of sulphate in the plume indicates that this electron acceptor has not been depleted and that consequently methanogenesis is probably limited. Based on a simple estimate of sulphate input concentration, a half-life of about 15 years has been estimated for sulphate reduction. Geochemical modelling predicts that increased alkalinity within the plume has not led to carbonate precipitation, and thus within the limits of accuracy of the measurement, alkalinity may reflect the degree of biodegradation. This implies a loss of around 18% of the DOC over a 30-year period. Despite limited degradation, microbial studies show that there are diverse microbial communities in the aquifer with the potential for both anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation. Microbial activity was found to be greatest at the leading edge of the plume where DOC concentrations are 60 mg l(-1) or less, but activity could still be observed in more contaminated samples even though cells could not be cultured. The study suggests that degradation may be limited by the high phenol concentrations within the core of the plume, but that once diluted by dispersion, natural attenuation may proceed. More detailed studies to confirm these initial findings are identified and form the basis of associated papers.     

焦化废水处理中酚、氰降解细菌的分离选育

针对焦化废水为含酚、氰废水的特性，从焦化厂处理焦化废水的活性污泥和油泥中分离出能降解酚的细菌7株，降解氰的细菌8株，并对其降解能力进行了测定，结果表明，当酚浓度为150mg/L，经6h处理后0512菌株对酚的去除率达96．84％，当CN^-浓度为25mg/L经8h处理后，0501菌株对CN^-的去除率达99．96％。     

苯酚电降解过程中能量计算、火花放电及控制研究

观察了脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解水中有机污染物苯酚过程中的电压波形图及参数,并对其进行了分析研究,讨论了降解过程中的能量计算问题,分析了放电过程中产生火花放电的原因,并提出了控制火花放电的方法。在其它放电参数相同的情况下,比较了泄放电路对苯酚降解率的影响。     

无菌水葫芦的降酚和耐酚性能的研究

干重为0.2～0.3g的无菌水葫芦在各种酚浓度中(10、100、150、200、360、800μg/ml)的5日降解率可达20％～40％,即使在高浓度中植株很快死亡,但仍有降解能力;一定时间内的吸酚量随初始浓度不同而不同,有一定正相关;干重为0.2～0.3g的无菌水葫芦耐酚阈值为100～150μg/ml,高出此浓度植株很快死亡。     

Fabricating Fe3O4-schwertmannite as a Z-scheme photocatalyst with excellent photocatalysis-Fenton reaction and recyclability

Here we reported an effective method to solve the rate-limiting steps, such as the reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and an invalid decomposition of H₂O₂ in a conventional Fenton-like reaction. A magnetic heterogeneous photocatalyst, Fe₃O₄-schwertmannite (Fe₃O₄-sch) was successfully developed by adding Fe₃O₄ in the formation process of schwertmannite. Fe₃O₄-sch shows excellent electrons transfer ability and high utilization efficiency of H₂O₂ (98.5%). The catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄-sch was studied through the degradation of phenol in the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. Phenol degradation at a wide pH (3 - 9) was up to 98% within 6 min under visible light illumination with the Fe₃O₄-sch as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, which was higher than that using pure schwertmannite or Fe₃O₄. The excellent photocatalytic performance of Fe₃O₄-sch is ascribed to the effective recycling between Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ by the photo-generated electron, and also profit from the formation of the “Z-Scheme” system. According to the relevant data, photocatalytic mechanism of Fe₃O₄-sch for degrading phenol was proposed. This study not only provides an efficient way of enhancing heterogeneous Fenton reaction, but also gives potential application for iron oxyhydroxysulfate mineral.     

气中电晕放电对水中苯酚的氧化

讨论了一种新的去除水中有害有机分子的方法：在水溶液中形成低温等离子体电晕放电，产生具有化学活性的粒子扩散到水中，氧化水中的有机物，在本实验中用的是苯酚。实验测量了这种情况下的脉冲电晕放电的电压和电流波形图，讨论了自由基捕获剂的存在对溶液COD的影响和pH值对降解率的影响，并用气相色谱仪在吸收波长为210nm处测定脉冲电晕放电处理后的苯酚溶液的色谱图。     

苯酚及苯二酚类催化氧化的色谱电化学法测定及研究

研究了1:12磷钼杂多酸(PMo_(12))修饰电极对苯酚及苯二酚类(对苯二酚、间苯二酚和邻苯二酚)的催化氧化作用,以及苯酚和苯二酚类在涂敷十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的C_(18)键合固定相上的分离方法,采用修饰电极色谱电化学法对其进行分离检测。对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、间苯二酚及苯酚的线性范围依次为4.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、4.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、8.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、8.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l;检测限依次为2.10×10~(-11)mol/l、2.0×10~(-11)mol/l、4.0×10~(-11)mol/l和4.0×10~(-11)mol/l。平行测定8次,相对标准偏差依次为1.7％、3.3％、2.9％和4.4％。方法可用于化工厂废水中苯酚及苯二酚类的测定。     

污泥驯化和共代谢对吡啶和苯降解特性的研究

利用瓦氏呼吸仪测定微生物耗氧量的方法,研究了焦化废水及其中难降解有机污染物吡啶、苯的降解特性,并对吡啶和苯分别与苯酚共基质条件下的可生化性进行了研究。结果表明,pH值为7.2时,焦化废水降解率最高;当浓度小于40mg/L时,吡啶和苯可以部分被降解,浓度大于60mg/L时微生物呼吸作用明显地被抑制;污泥驯化有利于有机污染物降解速率的提高。初步分析了共代谢降解焦化废水中难降解有机污染物的生理生化特性。