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101.
A.M. Balinova 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):645-646
Abstract The leaching behaviour of the herbicide acetochlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(ethoxymethyl)acetamide] was determined as compared with two congener compounds, alachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2,6‐diethylphenyl)‐N‐(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐l‐methylethyl)acetamide]. The leaching profiles of the herbicides in columns with different types of soil and their capacity factors in reverse phase HPLC were compared. An approach for preliminary characteristic of the potential for water pollution of acetochlor is presented. The herbicide is classified as a leacher in soil and its potential for contamination of ground water is comparable with those of alachlor and metolachlor. 相似文献
102.
MICHAEL T. WAN JEN-NI KUO BRAD MCPHERSON JOHN PASTERNAK 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):855-867
Crop soils, ditch sediments and water flowing from several Lower Fraser River (LFR) farm areas of British Columbia, Canada, to salmon tributary streams of that river were sampled in 2004–2005 to quantify for residues of triazine [atrazine, desethylatrazine (a transformation product of atrazine), propazine, and simazine] and metolachlor (a chloroacetamide) herbicides. Average concentrations [μg kg?1 dry weight (d.w.)] of triazine (10,110) and metolachlor (8,910) herbicides detected in crop soils at the start (May 2004, 2005) of the growing season were about 17 and 6 times, respectively, higher than those found for both herbicide groups during (June–Sept, 2004, 2005) the growing season. In contrast, mean concentrations (μg L?1) of triazines (0.092) and metolachlor (0.014) in permanent ditches adjacent to farms were about 7 and 28 times, respectively, lower at the start than during the growing season. Both herbicide groups in ditch sediments were detected only during the growing season at concentrations averaging about 315 μg kg?1 d.w. The risk potential of these herbicides for non-target aquatic organisms inhabiting permanent farm ditches contiguous to tributary streams of the LFR during the growing season is evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
103.
采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水中12种磺酰脲类除草剂,样品经磷酸调节pH值为2后,经Watens Oasis HLB SPE柱净化浓缩,乙腈洗脱,选择检测波长为230 nm,以乙腈-水溶液(0.02%磷酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,保留时间在14 min~32 min范围内.12种磺酰脲类除草剂在0.050 mg/L~... 相似文献
104.
固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中磺酰脲类除草剂 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定水中7种磺酰脲类除草剂的方法,考察了降解作用及滤膜对测定的影响.方法在0.30 mg/L~5.00 mg/L之间线性关系良好,7种磺酰脲类除草剂的检出限为0.32 μg/L~0.62 μg/L,RSD为4.4%~7.6%,平均加标回收率为87.9%~102%. 相似文献
105.
氯代酰胺类除草剂降解菌的分离及降解性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从生产乙草胺的农药厂废水生物处理池活性污泥中分离到一株氯代酰胺类除草剂降解细菌,命名为Y3B-1.根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列系统发育分析,将其鉴定为副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.).研究了菌株Y3B-1在不同条件下对多种氯代酰胺类除草剂的降解性能.结果表明:菌株Y3B-1能以乙草胺为碳源生长,并能降解乙草胺、丁草胺和丙草胺,3 d对这3种氯代酰胺类除草剂的降解率分别达到86.7%、65.5%和69.1%,不能降解异丙甲草胺.该菌降解乙草胺的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0,对乙草胺的降解效果与接种量成正相关,对较低浓度的乙草胺有很好的降解效果,过高的起始浓度抑制其对乙草胺的降解,外加营养如酵母膏和土壤悬液则显著促进其对乙草胺的降解.图7参23 相似文献
106.
Scott W. Ator Judith M. Denver 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(6):1075-1090
Abstract: Groundwater transport often complicates understanding of surface‐water contamination. We estimated the regional flux of nitrate and selected herbicides from groundwater to nontidal headwater streams of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (New Jersey through North Carolina) based on late‐winter or spring base‐flow samples from 174 streams. Sampled streams were selected randomly, and flux estimates are based on resulting population estimates rather than on empirical models, which have been used previously for similar estimates. Base‐flow flux in the estimated 8,834 headwater streams of the study area are an estimated 21,200 kg/day of nitrate (as N) and 5.83, 0.565, and 20.7 kg/day of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor (and selected degradates), respectively. Base‐flow flux of alachlor and metolachlor is <3% of the total base‐flow flux of those compounds plus degradates. Base‐flow flux of nitrate and herbicides as a percentage of applications is typically highest in well‐drained areas and lowest in areas with abundant poor drainage and anoxic conditions. In Coastal Plain watersheds of Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, <2% of applied nitrogen reaches headwater streams as base flow. On the Delmarva Peninsula part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, however, more than 10% of such applications are transported through groundwater to streams, and base‐flow nitrate flux represents 70% of total nitrogen flux in headwater streams. 相似文献
107.
24种除草剂对蛋白核小球藻生长的效应 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文研究了9种不同作用机制的15类24种除草剂对蛋白核小球菌(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)的96h生长抑制急性毒性。急性毒性试验表明,24种除草剂对蛋白核小球藻的毒性都很高,比较而言,激素型除草剂毒性较低,光合作用抑制除草剂的毒性最高,其它类型居中。 相似文献
108.
Aline Frumi Camargo Fbio Spitza Stefanski Thamarys Scapini Sabrina Natalia Weirich Cleiton Ulkovski Carine Carezia Eduarda Roberta Bordin Vanusa Rossetto Francisco Reichert Júnior Leandro Galon Gislaine Fongaro Altemir Jos Mossi Helen Treichel 《环境质量管理》2019,29(1):37-42
The intensive and abundant use of synthetic herbicides has been questioned in recent decades due to the strong dependence and also the resistance effects that are identified in weeds. Several grain crops suffer from the weed control system because many of the weeds are already resistant to the main herbicides that are used. In recent years, there has been a large gap in the market without the addition of new synthetic herbicides with mechanisms of action that differ from those already existing. The objective of this short piece is to address and overcome this challenge and bring an innovative and alternative solution that proposes a synergistic action system between bioherbicides produced by the fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis and synthetic herbicides (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, glyphosate, and ammonium glufosinate). The plants included in this study were Bidens pilosa (amor seco, or in the United States, beggar ticks or Spanish needle), Euphorbia heterophylla (adeus‐brasil), and Conyza bonariensis (margaridinha‐do‐campo, or, in the United States, hairy fleabane or asthmaweed). It was verified that, in the application of the biocomposites in the presence of chemical herbicides, potentiation of the phytotoxic action (100%) occurred under the target plants, emphasizing phytotoxicity to the weed, C. bonariensis, which is currently resistant to available herbicides. The bioherbicides studied have promising characteristics to be explored in the biocontrol of weeds. 相似文献
109.
Ehssan Torabi Charline Wiegert Benoît Guyot Stéphane Vuilleumier Gwenaël Imfeld 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):163-175
The soil dissipation of the widely used herbicides S-metolachlor(SM) and butachlor(BUT)was evaluated in laboratory microcosms at two environmentally relevant doses(15 and 150 μg/g) and for two agricultural soils(crop and paddy).Over 80% of SM and BUT were dissipated within 60 and 30 days,respectively,except in experiments with crop soil at 150 μg/g.Based on compound-specific isotope analysis(CSIA) and observed dissipation,biodegradation was the main process responsible for the observed decrease of SM and BUT in the paddy soil.For SM,biodegradation dominated over other dissipation processes,with changes of carbon isotope ratios(Δδ~(13)C) of up to 6.5‰ after 60 days,and concomitant production of ethane sulfonic acid(ESA) and oxanilic acid(OXA) transformation products.In crop soil experiments,biodegradation of SM occurred to a lesser extent than in paddy soil,and sorption was the main driver of apparent BUT dissipation.Sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene showed that soil type and duration of herbicide exposure were the main determinants of bacterial community variation.In contrast,herbicide identity and spiking dose had no significant effect.In paddy soil experiments,a high(4:1,V/V) ESA to OXA ratio for SM was observed,and phylotypes assigned to anaerobic Clostridiales and sulfur reducers such as Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales were dominant for both herbicides.Crop soil microcosms,in contrast,were associated with a reverse,low(1:3,V/V)ratio of ESA to OXA for SM,and Alphaproteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacillales dominated regardless of the herbicide.Our results emphasize the variability in the extent and modes of SM and BUT dissipation in agricultural soils,and in associated changes in bacterial communities. 相似文献
110.