利用微拟球藻去除污水中氮磷及生产富油生物质

为探讨污水深度处理和同步获取产油微藻的可行性,建立光生物反应器,应用微拟球藻去除污水和中水中的氮磷,并分析不同浓度的Fe3+和Zn2+离子对微藻的生长和油脂积累的影响,从而在净化污水的同时培养微藻获得富油生物质。结果表明,该藻对污水氮磷具有较强的去除能力,可在13 d内,去除水体中96%的氨氮和94%的磷,同时化学需要氧量(COD)的去除率可达72.9%。在生活污水中培养至第16天,微藻的细胞密度可达4.55×106 cell/mL。Fe3+浓度对微拟球藻的生长具有显著影响(P6 cell/mL。该研究以中水和生活污水为基质培养微拟球藻,同时获取微藻油脂,为污水中氮磷的去除和能源的同步获取提供了新途径。     

中试厌氧膜生物反应器处理养猪废水

猪场养殖废水是一类有机污染物浓度高、悬浮物多、性质复杂的废水,在传统厌氧处理中存在消化污泥流失及处理效率低等问题。本研究采用中试规模外部浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器处理猪场实际废水,设计处理水量为1 m³·d⁻¹,在HRT分别为8、5、3 d的3个阶段连续运行4个多月,考察了厌氧膜生物反应器的沼气产量、运行稳定性、污染物去除效果及膜组件运行性能和清洗效果。结果表明,系统运行期间ORP在−486~−545 mV;随着HRT缩短,有机负荷由0.5~1.88 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹升高到5 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹,沼气产量逐渐增大,产率为0.38~0.45 m³·kg⁻¹。在整个运行过程中,VFA/ALK始终小于0.1,系统运行稳定。对TCOD、溶解性COD、氨氮、TN、TP去除率分别达到74%~86%、48%~68%、7%~12.8%、4.6%~16.7%、5%,其中溶解性COD去除率占总COD去除率的55%左右。系统运行期间初始膜通量设定为5 L·(m²·h)⁻¹,在HRT=8 d时,清洗周期为20 d,随后不断缩短,当HRT为3 d时,清洗周期仅为10 d。通过水冲洗与化学清洗相结合的方式可有效缓解膜污染,进而恢复膜通量。以上研究结果可以为厌氧膜生物反应器处理猪场养殖废水工程应用提供参考。     

废水除磷技术的研究与发展

目前 ,人们越来越重视污水除磷技术。本文介绍与评述了化学和生物两种除磷方式及其除磷机理和工艺 ,并着重介绍了生物除磷的现状、发展和研究动向     

基于煤矸石制备的聚合氯化铝铁钛及其在二沉池出水处理中的应用

以煤矸石酸浸液为原料,经过钛掺杂、聚合、熟化和浓缩干燥等过程,制备了高效无机高分子混凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钛(PTAFC)。分别考察了钛投加量、pH、聚合温度、聚合时间对PTAFC混凝性能的影响,同时研究了PTAFC对城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水浊度、COD、总磷和氨氮的去除效果,并与聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)进行了对比。结果表明：在钛铁摩尔比0.3、pH=1.5、聚合温度60 ℃、聚合时间3 h、常温熟化24 h时,所制得的PTAFC性能最佳;在投加量70 mg·L⁻¹、pH=7、反应温度20 ℃、慢速搅拌速度40 r·min⁻¹的混凝条件下,对自配水的浊度、COD和UV₂₅₄的去除效果最好,去除率分别为99.13%、37.25%和39.9%。PTAFC对城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水的浊度和总磷有极好的去除效果,同时对COD和氨氮有一定去除能力,污染物去除能力明显优于PAFC。上述研究成果对有效减少煤矸石的堆存量、拓宽煤矸石利用渠道,实现混凝剂的低成本、高效率工业化生产和应用具有重要的意义。     

两段进水生物膜法OOA-MBR工艺强化生物脱氮

开发出一种两段进水生物膜法好氧/好氧/缺氧-膜生物反应器（OOA-MBR）强化生物脱氮工艺,以模拟生活污水为研究对象,重点考察了流量分配比、曝气方式和水力负荷等因素对系统运行效果的影响,并对工艺控制参数进行了优化。实验结果表明,在系统HRT 4.8 h,流量分配比为1：1,后置MBR池曝气方式采取Air-on 4 min/Air-off 6 min模式,进水COD（380±20）mg·L-1、NH4+-N（35±5）mg·L-1、TN（35±5）mg·L-1时,出水COD、NH4+-N和TN去除率分别达到93.9%、91.8%和77.7%,出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A标准。     

组合骨料型百喜草植生混凝土去除氮磷

以6组90 d龄期的组合骨料型百喜草植生混凝土盆栽为研究对象,用配制溶液静态培养的方法,选择氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)为主要指标,考查沸石与钢渣、沸石与浮石两种组合骨料型的植生混凝土对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,各组NH3-N 1 d、7 d的去除率分别为13.0%~16.9%和45.7%~56.7%,1 d去除率约占7 d的30%。各组TN 1 d、7 d的去除率分别为9.0%~14.1%和25.6%~39.2%,1 d去除率约占7 d的30%。各组TP 1 d、7 d的去除率分别为22.0%~33.3%和57.3%~89.3%,1 d去除率约占7 d的40%。NO3--N、NO2--N含量很低,NO3--N浓度基本在0.50 mg/L以下,NO2--N浓度变化范围在0.10 mg/L以下。综合NH3-N、TN和TP去除效果,沸石与浮石按1:1~1:3混合的百喜草植生混凝土具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。     

南京某城市污水二级处理系统中酞酸酯类的分布及去除特征简

以南京某城市污水厂污水和污泥中的酞酸酯类（PAEs）为研究对象,分别采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（SPE-GC-MS）和超声提取-气相色谱-质谱联用（USE-GC-MS）检测其中的优先控制污染物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP）,研究其在厌氧/好氧（A/O）污泥处理过程中的分布特征及降解规律。研究结果表明,各类PAEs在该污水厂的污水和污泥中均有检出,二级处理出水中4种酞酸酯类物质的浓度在0.151~2.419 μg/L。污水中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP>DBP>DMP>DEP,污泥中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP>DBP>DEP>DMP。该污水厂二级处理工艺对4种PAEs的去除效果较明显,去除效率DBP>DEP>DMP>MEHP。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺运行参数优化与技术比较

垃圾渗滤液是公认的一种成分复杂且难以处理的高浓度有机废水,笔者在北京市海淀区六里屯垃圾填埋场通过2007—2010年垃圾渗滤液处理的工程实践,以COD和氨氮的去除率为指标,研究了不同的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺组合,以及不同运行参数条件下对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,在中温UASB和A/O的平均水力停留时间(HRT)缩短1/3的情况下,通过改进A/O段曝气方式,优化系统的pH、DO等运行参数,用MBR替代絮凝工艺,使整个组合工艺对COD的年平均去除率达到了94.3%,氨氮的去除率维持在99.5%以上,出水氨氮稳定在10 mg/L以内,而改造前的COD与氨氮的年平均去除率仅为82.2%与55.3%。与改造前的UASB+A/O+絮凝工艺组合相比,改造后的UASB+A/O+MBR工艺组合具有更高的污染物去除能力、更好的抗缓冲性和稳定性。     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.     

Removal of Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions using sulfuric acid-modified cinder: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Removal of Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated using cinder modified by sulfuric acid. Various parameters such as pH, agitation time, Mo(VI) concentration, and temperature have been studied. The maximum adsorption of Mo(VI) occurred at pH between 4.0 and 6.0. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption generally obeyed a pseudo second-order model. The activation energy was 31.4?kJ?mol^?1, indicating that the adsorption process was governed mainly by interactions of physical nature. Furthermore, application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to the adsorption equilibrium data showed that the adsorption behavior obeyed the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity was found to be 10.8?g Mo(VI)?kg^?1 adsorbent. Finally, thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH ⁰, ΔS ⁰, and ΔG ⁰ were also evaluated, which showed that the adsorption of Mo(VI) on the treated cinder was endothermic, entropy increasing, and spontaneous. In conclusion, the sulfuric acid-modified cinder was shown to be an inexpensive, effective, and simple adsorbent for the removal of Mo(VI) from water.